1,721,127 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Epidemiologic Analysis of Infectious Disease Data
No full textResearch in the field of infectious disease epidemiology has never been more relevant. Epidemiologic analyses can be applied to infectious disease datasets to assess early indicators of disease transmission and factors associated with infection. Novel strategies for population-based and syndromic surveillance, as well as new findings assessing the risk factors for infectious diseases, can be quickly implemented in the field of public health to minimize the risk of disease transmission. In Chapter 1, a novel syndromic surveillance platform (FluSense) for influenza-like illness (ILI) was evaluated for its ability to detect ILI outbreaks in four waiting areas of a university clinic. The facility-level model showed a significant association of coughs/person-day with influenza tests, indicating a 1% increase in testing per person-cough. The walk-in and women’s health rooms showed significant associations of sneezes/person-day with influenza tests. The FluSense platform can be used to passively detect ILI in an anonymous and confidential manner. In Chapter 2, serological surveys were conducted to estimate the cumulative incidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection within Massachusetts in summer 2020 and identify risk factors associated with infection. Estimated weighted seroprevalences were 5.3% (95% CI: 3.5 – 8.0) for the primary sampling group (undergraduate students) and 4.0% (95% CI: 2.2 – 7.4) for the secondary sampling group (employees). Male gender, American Indian/Alaska Native and Black race/ethnicity, self-reported febrile illness, and geographic region had statistically significant associations with seropositivity. The results provide information regarding levels of undiagnosed COVID-19 infections. In Chapter 3, the association between household socioeconomic status (SES) and malaria-specific knowledge, attitudes, and prevention practices (KAP) were evaluated in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Linear and logistic regression models were performed separately for each outcome variable. Education showed a significant positive association with KAP for most education categories. Assets showed significant positive associations with KAP except for binary knowledge. As assets increased by one, the odds of more favorable attitudes towards malaria testing and treatment increased by 10%. Occupation did not show a significant association with KAP. This study can provide support for the implementation of programs that increase assets and education to obtain higher levels of malaria-specific KAP.Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Polygenic architecture of human body size and proportion
No full textOver the last 15 years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered thousands of genetic associations with human phenotypes. However, as most of these associations lie in non-coding regions and are typically spread over a group of highly correlated variants, it remains difficult to draw clear connections from the variant through relevant biological mechanisms to the associated phenotype. The field of genetics has endeavored to address this deficiency in many ways. I have built upon prior findings using various approaches, integrating genetic data from multiple phenotypes and ancestries, to bridge the gap between association and genetic architecture.
My work focuses on phenotypes related to skeletal growth and proportion. I first explored the genetic basis of multiple growth-related proteins. Here, I identified two protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) associated with serum levels, measured in a childhood Cincinnati cohort, for IGFBP-3, IGF-2, and IGFBP-5. To better understand their effects, we explored each association’s overlap with adult height as well as related phenotypes including sitting height ratio (SHR), a measure of skeletal proportion, and birth weight (BW). Mendelian Randomization (MR) supports a causal relationship between protein levels and SHR (for an association near IGFBP3) and BW (for an association near IGFBP5) but not for height. This result suggests that the mechanism by which these proteins affect height must be through some process, perhaps local to the growth plate, not reflected in measured serum levels of these proteins.
I then investigated the genetic basis of SHR, using genetic data from two ancestries to perform the largest GWAS of SHR to date. After identifying 565 independent associations (an increase from 6 in the prior publication), I observed substantial overlap between phenotypes at the level of both the associated loci and implicated genes and pathways. Using fine-mapping, I classified height associations by their effect on body proportion, and showed that those fine-mapped credible sets affecting both height and body proportion are enriched for critical genes for growth. Additionally, these fine-mapping results
enabled me to identify instances where effects on height and body proportion differed across different ancestries.
Lastly, I used various approaches to understand the genetic structure underlying height and other anthropometric traits. I first quantified the extent to which biological pathways implicated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were “saturated” across increasingly large height GWAS. I then identified genes and gene-sets enriched among height GWAS results, and performed similar analyses in collaboration with GIANT working groups focused on body mass index and waist-hip ratio, and developed comparative GSEA, an approach to identify enriched gene sets that differ between input GWAS. In addition, I quantified levels of population stratification present in height GWAS samples, and re-examined evidence of natural selection acting on loci identified in height GWAS.
Together, the findings and methods described in this dissertation expand our understanding of the biology and genetic architecture underlying measures of human body size and proportion, and contribute novel methodological approaches to understanding correlated phenotypes
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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