1,720,969 research outputs found
Innovative of Micro-Enterprises in Poland - Selected Issues
No full textThe aim of this article is to analyze the innovation of micro-enterprises – the fastest growing group of companies in Poland. The article contains the answers to the questions: What is the level of investment in micro-enterprises, and how they are financed? Due to the limited amount of funds, micro-enterprises often have to give up on the investments. The opportunity for them is to cooperate with other economic subjects. The article presents the expectations of entrepreneurs for such cooperation and difficulties associated with it. In addition, the author presented operations which are expected from the government by micro-enterprises to help them running their investments
<i>Crowdfunding</i> – Novelty or New, Perspective Model of Financing Business Project
No full textCrowdfunding to forma społecznego finansowania projektów przez zbiorowość internautów, czyli tzw. tłum. Choć zjawisko to jest stosunkowo nowe, to jego zakres i tempo rozwoju sprawia, że warto się zastanowić nad jego wpływem na podmioty funkcjonujące na rynku. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie istoty crowdfunding i przeanalizowanie jego znaczenia dla gospodarki w ujęciu mikro- i makroekonomicznym. W opracowaniu autorka zaprezentowała i omówiła modele i submodele crowdfundingu, a następnie przedstawiła jego znaczenie w ujęciu liczbowym. Zasygnalizował również szanse i zagrożenia związane z rozwojem tego zjawiska dla gospodarki.Crowdfunding is a form of funding projects by raising small amount of money from a large number of people i.e. crowd. Although this phenomenon is relatively new, its scope and pace of development makes worthwhile to consider its influence from micro and macro perspective. The aim of the article is to present the essence of crowdfunding and its importance for the economy in micro and macro-economic terms. The Author presents models and submodel of crowdfunding, and its importance in terms of numbers. He signals the opportunities and risks associated with the development of this phenomenon for the economy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Koszty pracy – spojrzenie na problematykę z mikro- i makroperspektywy
No full textKoszty pracy to druga pod względem wielkości grupa kosztów generowanych przez polskie przedsiębiorstwa. Ich udział w całkowitych kosztach firmy sprawia, że w sposób znaczący wpływają na rentowność i konkurencyjność pojedynczych przedsiębiorstw i gospodarki jako całości. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki kosztów pracy z mikro- i makroperspektywy. Autorka przeanalizowała strukturę kosztów pracy, odniosła ich wartość do produktywności pracy oraz przeanalizowała wpływ działań państwa na poziom kosztów pracy.Labor costs are the second largest group of costs generated by Polish entities. Their share in the total cost of enterprises makes, that it determines the profitability and competitiveness of individual companies and the economy as a whole. The aim of the article is to present labor costs from the micro and macro perspective. The author has analyzed the structure of labor costs, their value in relation to labor productivity and the impact of the government on the level of labor costs
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The role and importance of the audit committee in public interest entities
No full textW Polsce obowiązek wyłonienia komitetu audytu w ramach rady nadzorczej jednostki zainteresowania publicznego istnieje od 7 maja 2009 r. Do tego czasu było to jedynie zalecenie zawarte w dokumentach poświęconych zasadom ładu korporacyjnego. W 2017 r. wspomniana ustawa została zastąpiona Ustawą z dnia 11 maja 2017 r. o biegłych rewidentach, firmach audytorskich oraz nadzorze publicznym. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja zadań komitetu audytu działającego w ramach rady nadzorczej jednostki zaufania publicznego oraz identyfikacja i omówienie wyzwań przed nim stojących. Jako narzędzia badawcze wykorzystano krytyczną analizę literatury obejmującą akty normatywne, metodę opisu, syntezy i dedukcji. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono zadania komitetu audytu wynikające z obecnie obowiązującej ustawy. Następnie na podstawie raportu KNF prezentującego wyniki badań nad zgodnością sprawozdań finansowych emitentów papierów wartościowych z zasadami raportowania finansowego, tym MSSF, przeanalizowano ich jakość i najczęściej popełniane błędy.In Poland, the obligation to select an audit committee within the supervisory board of a public interest entities has been from 7 May 2009. Until now, it has only been recommendation contained in the documents on the principles of corporate governance. In 2017, the Act of 11/05/2017 on statutory auditors, audit firms and public supervision entered into force. The aim of the article is to discuss the tasks of the audit committee operating in the public trust unit and to identify and discuss the challenges the committee is facing. As a research tools, the analysis of subject literature including legal regulations, a method of description, synthesis and deduction was used. The first part of the article discusses the tasks of the audit committee resulting from current law. Then, based on a report of Polish Financial Supervision Authority ‘s titled”Enforcement of the financial reporting of securities issuers carried out in 2017” their quality and the most common mistakes were analyzed
- …
