1,721,313 research outputs found
Planetary Heat Flow measurements and thermal disturbances caused by lander shadowing
No full textThe planetary heat flow is one of the fundamental quantities describing the thermal state of a planet. It influences the tectonic and volcanic processes we see at the surface and is closely connected to the planet’s geodynamic activity. It largely determines subsurface temperatures and provides one of the few constraints we have for thermal evolution models [1][2].
Upcoming lander missions will conduct in situ geophysical experiments and measure the planetary heat flow of Mars. The first such measurement is scheduled for ESA’s ExoMars
mission, which will deliver a geophysical instrument package to the martian surface. This will include the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) [3], a heat flowprobe which will access the martian subsurface to a depth of 5 m and perform measurements of the soils thermophysical parameters and temperatures as a function of depth.
Here we will investigate how soil shadowing by the lander structure influences the subsurface soil temperatures and derive requirements of how meaningful measurements of the subsurface thermal gradient can be performed. Particular attention will be paid to the differences between short and long term measurements and measurements underneath and outside the lander structure.
[1] Breuer, D., and Spohn, T. (2003), J. Geophys. Res., 108, 81.
[2] Hauck II, S.A., and Phillips, R.J. (2002), J. Geophys. Res., 107, 61.
[3] Spohn, T., et al. (2001), Planet. Space Sci., 49, 1415, 15711577.<br /
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The netlander geophysical network on the surface of Mars: General mission description and technical design status
No full textSimultaneous measurements collected by a network of landers spread over the surface of Mars will provide a unique leap forward in our knowledge of Mars. This is the objective of the NetLander (for Network Lander) project developed by CNES (French Space Agency), FMI (Finnish Meteorological Institute), IfP (Institute für Planetologie - Münster) in cooperation with a number of institutes in Europe and in the United States. The NetLander mission will deploy four identical landers on the surface of Mars. Each lander includes a scientific payload with instrumentation aimed at studying the interior of Mars, the atmosphere, the sub-surface, as well as the ionospheric structure and geodesy. The European NetLander mission will be launched in 2007 with the orbiter developed by CNES in the framework of the French Mars exploration program. After a cruise phase lasting several months, the NetLander probes will be separated from the orbiter and targeted to their landing sites. NetLander has successfully completed the phase A study. Its Entry, Descent and Landing System uses a front-shield, parachutes and air-bags. On the surface of Mars, NetLander will use solar arrays and batteries for its power supply. Particular attention is paid to the definition of this power supply system, which should provide enough energy throughout the mission, with a duration objective of one Martian year. Telecommunications will be possible via data relay satellites in orbit around Mars. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
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