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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
'Plain and Old': why did paintings go out of fashion?
No full textAbstract: This article answers a simple question: Who or what pulled the rug from underneath the demand for Dutch paintings in the second half of the seventeenth century? Previous explanations \u2013 diminished purchasing power, overproduction, depleted social distinction potential, budget and space constraints \u2013 are tested with a unique database of Amsterdam probate inventories but found insufficient. Following scholars like Jan de Vries and Bruno Blond\ue9, I maintain that the downfall of the painting in Dutch interiors is best explained within the framework of the consumer revolution, on which this case study offers a fresh perspective by arguing that the ascent of fashion gave rise to a consumer version of creative destruction. The modernity of Holland\u2019s burgeoning consumer society was borne out of the fact that Dutch burghers simply lost interest
Inclusive and extractive institutions: a reasonable dichotomy?
No full textAbstract: Prak and Van Zanden argue that these differences of political culture are deeply embedded in history. The premise of their book is that the Dutch economy has been dominated by markets for centuries, but, moving beyond the singular focus on property rights and representative institutions associated with authors of the new institutional economics (NIE), they argue that state intervention, particularly after 1600, \u201crestrained the capitalist impulse\u201d and improved \u201cthe stability of the system\u201d. The authors thereby reinforce a crucial insight that the absence of these predatory institutions on European soil, or the emancipation of the middle classes for that matter, were not the product of intellectual or moral advancement but rather a result of historical contingencies
Hoorickx, Estelle. La Belgique, l\u2019OTAN et la guerre froide. Le t\ue9moignage d\u2019Andr\ue9 de Staercke
No full textThe demand of the invisible hand : the consumer revolution and social inequality in the (pre)modern metropolis
No full textAbstract: This doctoral dissertation confronts two schools of thought in the literature on social and economic history of northwestern Europe in the early modern era: the consumer revolution and social inequality. The first is grounded in research showing that the consumer patterns and material comfort of a growing share of the (urban) population in this region expanded in each subsequent generation during this transitional period. The second is less optimistic and with the observation of increasing income and wealth inequality strengthens the bleak image of low living standards in the centuries preceding the industrial revolution known from the literature on real wages. Did the consumer revolution mitigate the social impact of growing economic inequality, as a first generation of researchers implied without asking this question explicitly? Or were social inequities reproduced, in line with what a more recent generation of Flemish historians has argued on the basis of evidence from different towns in the Low Countries that had started to decline by the eighteenth century? In contrast, this thesis analyses consumer developments in the most important commercial metropoles of the era: in the first place Amsterdam, but also Antwerp and London. The dissertation is built up around five (soon to be) published articles. These are preceded by an introduction and followed by a concluding chapter that is not intended for separate publication. The five texts aim to contribute to a number of subdisciplines, while the last chapter answers the research question in a direct manner. In the last analysis, I re-establish increased choice \u2013 first emphasized by Jan de Vries \u2013 as a core defining characteristic of nascent consumer societies. I argue that the consumer revolution was characterized by growing diversity and individuality as much as by increasing uniformity and persistent inequality. Both from the perspective of consumer agency and in the social spread of consumer goods, I conclude that the consumer revolution alleviated the social impact of augmented economic inequality \u2013 but only under the precondition of stable purchasing power
Non-intervention: the history of a liberal ideal
No full textAbstract: This chapter traces the development of one tradition of liberal international relations, \u2018non-interventionism\u2019, over the course of the past four centuries, beginning with the publication of one of the first treatises on international law in 1625 and ending with the present. While stressing that the doctrine of non-interference in the affairs of other nations rarely achieved the status of a rock-solid dogma, it argues that many leading classical liberals across the ages extended their aversion to domestic interventions into the realm of international relations by developing theories of anti-imperialism and anti-interventionism. Conversely, arguments for colonialism and for an activist foreign policy often went hand in glove in the thought of progressive liberals, such as in the philosophy of John Stuart Mill. Although liberal imperialism was eventually discredited, I maintain that the interventionist mindset that has dominated liberal foreign policy thought in the last couple of decades is ultimately rooted in colonial ideas of Western cultural supremacy
\u2018Zo grof komen liegen\u2019: de Belgische socialisten en het NAVO-Dubbelbesluit, 1977-1979
No full text\u201cSince Belgium was unprepared to take it, it was no deal.\u201d Belgi\ueb, de NAVO en de neutronenbom (1977-1978)
No full textAbstract: In februari 2022, nadat Rusland Oekraine was binnengevallen, in verhoogde staat van gereedheid. Poetins zet plaatste de opstelling van tactische kernwapens in Europa, zo prominent aanwezig in het maatschappelijke debat van de jaren 1980, opnieuw in de kijker. Enkele persartikels stelden zich bijvoorbeeld de vraag of Belgie een doelwit van een Russische kernaanval kon worden indien Een noemenswaardige politieke discussie over de Amerikaanse kernkoppen die in Kleine Brogel liggen opgeslagen, bleef echter uit. In die zin is de huidige politieke cultuur over kernwapens vergelijkbaar met de jaren 1970. Toen werd het kernwapenbeleid van pen en parlementsleden maar volgde de regering maar schoorvoetend in dit politiseringsproces. Dat nam niet weg dat de Belgische regering indirect een sleutelrol opnam in de verijdeling van de invoering van een nieuw kernwapen in West-Europa in 1978
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