1,720,958 research outputs found
EFFECT OF A SPORT DRINK WITH ELECTROLYTE AND ISOMALTULOSE ON TIME TO EXHAUSTION AT AN INTENSITY ABOVE ANEROBIC THRESHOLD
No full textSports
drinks are formulated to provide fluid, facilitating drinking, essential electrolytes and carbohydrate replacement for an optimal thermoregulation
and to maximize exercise performance. Isomaltulose, for its slow rate of hydrolysis and low glycaemic index (Lina et al.,
2002), and for the characteristics of fructose, its component, with increased fluid and solute absorption in the small intestine and increased
exogenous oxidation (Johnson and Murray, 2010), could improve the duration of exercise. The aim of this study was to test, with
a trial to exhaustion, one commercial sport drink with these elements. Methods Twenty young subjects performed, not knowing the aim
of the test and not seeing the clock, two separate trials at exhaustion on a cycle ergometer, at a fixed power 10% higher than their Lactate
Threshold, during which they could drink ad libitum, in a random order, plain water or a commercial sport beverage (H3OPro©), with
electrolytes, isomaltulose, vitamins B and C. Heart rate, blood lactate, time to exhaustion and drunk fluid were measured at the end of
the trial. Paired Student-t test were performed. Results When subjects could drink H3OPro© they drunk more (505 vs 361ml; p=0.031),
cycled longer (40’24’ vs 32’57’; p=0.005) and reached a lower blood lactate (4.9 vs 5.5mM) than with plain water. Discussion A beverage,
like the one tested, that helps drinking more fluid can maintain euhydration and, therefore, optimal thermoregulation. A moderate and
balanced concentration in the ingested fluid of essential electrolytes enhances both water absorption and retention (Wendt et al. 2007). A
sound carbohydrate formulation provides useful fuel for muscles but, according to blood lactate values, and differently from other studies
(Achten et al., 2007), fat oxidation seemed to be higher and carbohydrate oxidation lower with H3OPro© than with water. This could be
probably due to the presence of isomaltulose that, as previously showed (West et al. 2011; Achten et al. 2007), can lower carbohydrate
and enhance lipid oxidation rates during the later stages of exercise. Consuming a well balanced sport beverage can significantly improve
duration of exercise in cyclin
Prologue to [Part I Sustainable Wellbeing in Theory and History]
No full textFar from being defined as straightforward, unambiguous concepts, sustainable development and wellbeing are presented as contested fields. Their porosity has allowed for a proliferation of definitions and hermeneutic approaches. Why wellbeing is essential to sustainable development is explored here from interconnected theoretical and historical perspectives.
What wellbeing is, for whom, and how it can be sustained requires considering expectations, degrees of power and agency expressed by various social cross-sections, political parties, economic interest groups, and exponents of diverse cultural and religious backgrounds. Reaching an agreement about a fair sharing of benefits and hazards associated with the ever increasing potentials of science-driven technologies and industries presupposes a complex synergy of concepts, methodological approaches and historical awareness
Is the Current Global Role of English Sustainable?
No full textFar from being simply the language of science or the world’s default means of communication, English takes on multi-faceted roles worldwide, and defies gross generalisation or easy description. This chapter attempts to address questions about the present and future roles of English, from the apparently simple issue of speaker numbers through to an assessment of political and social factors and an analysis of the characteristics of English in its role as lingua franca.
The assumption of homogeneity and the simplicity of claims regarding native speakers are questioned and the optimism surrounding the English as a lingua franca movement is examined. Problems concerning the pragmatics of international communication and the discourse and historical elements in linguistic interactions are raised, with a view to evaluating the very concept of an international or universal tongue. Finally the chapter hopes to suggest that lingual abilities and trans-linguistic skills will probably be important and any lingua franca will need to be emergent and complex in order to be sustainable
Pillars and Circles. Wellbeing at the Core of Sustainability
No full textIn the last few decades, the notion of sustainable development has acquired a wide assortment of meanings. Appropriated and exploited, it has become ubiquitous, high-sounding and formulaic. Mentioned de rigueur as the primary goal for ensuring the future of humankind, it serves rhetorical and instrumental purposes as well as arouses criticism. Definitions of sustainability have been affected by constraints deriving from a tripartite model, in which economics stands out as the chief domain, while the environment and society are forever engaged in confrontation.
The Circles of Sustainability have introduced a broader and more balanced view by presupposing a quadripartite structure that includes economics, ecology, politics and culture (Hawkes, The Fourth Pillar of Sustainability; James et al.). While the production, use, and management of resources is still a major object of enquiry, over the last decade increasing attention has been directed towards
the role of humans as producers, users and custodians of cultures which demand to be sustained (UNESCO).
The claim that sustainability and wellbeing should be integrated within a cultural discourse presupposes a view of humans as makers and consumers in a post-human
age. This very view has generated an interdisciplinary dialogue between the authors, a literary scholar and an ecological economist who share the assumption that sustainable development and wellbeing are interrelated because they comprehend the duties as well as the rights of humankind to sustain and enjoy nature and culture. We support cross-fertilisations between positivist and interpretivist methods of enquiry and propose a methodological framework formed by three parts: theoretical and historical approaches; discussion of policies and institutions; presentation of a wide range of case studies across the world and from diverse disciplinary fields
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cultures of Sustainability and Wellbeing: Theories, Histories, Policies
No full textCultures of Sustainability and Wellbeing: Theories, Histories and Policies examines and assesses the interdependence between sustainability and wellbeing by drawing attention to humans as producers and consumers in a post-human age. Why wellbeing ought to be regarded as essential to sustainable development is explored first from multifocal theoretical perspectives encompassing sociology, literary criticism and socioeconomics, second in relation to institutions and policies, and third with a focus on specific case studies across the world. Wellbeing and its sustainability are defined in terms of biological and cultural diversity; stages of advancement in science and technology; notions of citizenship and agency; geopolitical scenarios and environmental conditions.
Wellbeing and sustainability call for enquiries into human capacities in ontological, epistemological and practical terms. A view of sustainability that revolves around material and immaterial wellbeing is based on the assumption that life quality, comfort, happiness, security, safety always posit humans as both recipients and agents. Risk and resilience in contemporary societies define the intrinsically human ability to make and consume, to act and adapt, driving the search for and fruition of wellbeing. How to sustain the dual process of exploitation and regeneration is a task that requires integrated approaches from the sciences and the humanities, jointly tracing a worldwide cartography with clear localisations
Long-term vision and ordinary management: post-earthquake reconstruction in the Italian region of Emilia
No full textThe essay examines the difficulties arising from reconstruction processes and policies enacted after the earthquake that struck the valley of the River Po in the Italian region of Emilia in May 2012. The results, limits and uncertainties of rebuilding offer ample ground for investigating connections and gaps between post-disaster reconstruction and wellbeing
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
