1,720,963 research outputs found
The Environmental Tax: Effects on Inequality and Growth
No full textWithin an R&D-driven growth model, this paper studies how an environmental tax and its cost both for firms and consumers affect individuals’ incentives for human capital accumulation, income inequality, and the per capita growth rate. The results show that when a low share of the environmental tax on consumption is levied, a tighter environmental tax results in an increase in individuals’ human capital accumulation and income inequality between both unskilled and skilled workers and among skilled workers and spurs the per capita growth rate. A numerical simulation for the U.S. economy illustrates the results and shows that the increase in income inequality is very modest compared to the large increase in the per capita output growth rate. Moreover, it can be seen that a no-carbon-pricing green policy with command and control instruments, for example, has a negative effect on both the incentive for human capital accumulation and the per capita growth rate
Economic growth before the Industrial Revolution: Rural production and guilds in the European Little Divergence
No full textThis paper explains how England became a high-income economy from the 15th to 18th centuries. The
appropriate level of natural land suitability in the northern region of England before the Industrial Revolution
was pivotal in weakening guilds’ power and the diffusion of rural manufacturing. Unlike other European
countries, those elements turned into a more efficient allocation of capital between cities and the rural areas
and a more efficient shift of labor time from agriculture to manufacturing in the countryside, resulting in a
higher income per capita by 1750.High-wage economy
Pre-industrial economy
Little divergence
Rural manufacturing
Land suitabilityHigh-wage economy
Pre-industrial economy
Little divergence
Rural manufacturing
Land suitabilit
Key Inventors, Teams and Firm Performance: The Italian Case
No full textThis paper investigates the existence and nature of knowledge-spillovers at the micro-level and, in turn, the capacity of
firms to absorb new ideas generated in R&D laboratories. It evaluates the merits for a firm of attracting or retaining “key”
inventors, or assembling a wide team of inventors. First, using the EPO-OECD data, we identify “key” and “normal”
inventors by means of the Hill’s estimator. Then, we test the hypothesis that the presence of one “key” inventor in a firm’s
R&D laboratory would have a positive effect on the Italian firms output. Our results are threefold: 1) the patent portfolio
positively affects the value of production; 2) the simple presence of “key” inventors in a R&D laboratory does not
significantly affect the output; 3) for a given number of patent applications by firm, a less concentrated patents distribution
across inventors employed in the same R&D laboratory makes a positive impact on the production
Use costs in a two-R&D-sector model
Full text linkIn this paper we assess the properties of scale-free endogenous growth models in presence of use costs for the final users. As bench-mark we use Segerstrom (2000) two R&D sector model. When use costs apply to both types of innovation we find counterintuitive results with respect to the standard Endogenous Growth literature ; use costs can increase growth. This is due to the presence of both increasing returns in the research functions and the population growth condition. When costs apply to vertical innovations only we can establish more intuitive results : under mild conditions use costs decrease the rate of vertical innovation and of overall economic growth.Endogenous Growth; Scale effect; Adoption costs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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