1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Resistenzmechanismen gegen Antimykotika bei Candida albicans und Candida glabrata : Resistenzgenanalyse durch Next generation Sequencing
No full textvorgelegt von: Kathrin SpettelMasterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 201
Resistance development in fungi - An emerging public health threat
No full textEinleitungPilzinfektionen, insbesondere durch Candida hervorgerufene, sind aufgrund der zunehmenden Prävalenz von immungeschwächten Personen zu einer wachsenden Gefahr für die öffentliche Gesundheit geworden. Die Resistenz gegen gängige Antimykotika wie Azole und Echinocandine stellt eine bedeutende Herausforderung bei der Behandlung von Pilzinfektionen dar, da eine rechtzeitige und effektive Therapie zur Verringerung der hohen Sterblichkeitsrate notwendig ist.ForschungszieleDie vorliegende Arbeit hat mehrere Hauptziele: die Identifizierung und Analyse von Mutationen in Resistenzgenen, die zur Antimykotikaresistenz beitragen; die Untersuchung von Targetmutationen in den FKS1-Genen bei grenzwertig echinocandinresistenten Isolaten; die Bewertung der Wirksamkeit von Antiseptika gegen resistente und multiresistente Candida-Isolate sowie die Untersuchung der aktuellen Situation von Candida auris in Österreich, einschließlich der Prävalenz, der molekularen Charakterisierung und der In-vivo-Pathogenität des gefürchteten Erregers.MethodenDie im Rahmen der Arbeit angewandten Methoden umfassten Resistenztests, Targeted Sequencing und Whole Genome Sequencing mittels MiSeq von Illumina sowie bioinformatische Analysen. Diese modernen Techniken ermöglichten weitreichende Einblicke in das genetische Profil der Isolate, die Identifizierung von Resistenzgen-Mutationen und die Charakterisierung ihrer Auswirkungen auf die Antimykotikaresistenz. Zur Beurteilung der Pathogenität wurde das Galleria mellonella-Modell verwendet, das relevante In-vivo-Daten lieferte. Zusätzlich wurde die Effektivität von Antiseptika mithilfe der Verdünnungs-Neutralisationsmethode bestimmt.DiskussionIn unserer Studie von 2019 verwendeten wir ein neuartiges PCR-Design in Kombination mit Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung, um Resistenzmutationen nachzuweisen. Es konnten dreizehn neue Resistenzmutationen beschrieben werden. In unserer zweiten Studie wurden die Clinical Breakpoints für Micafungin untersucht und Daten zur Verbesserung ihrer Genauigkeit bei der Resistenzklassifizierung geliefert. In unserer dritten Studie wurde die Effektivität von Antiseptika gegen multiresistente Candida untersucht, wobei ihr Potenzial für die Infektionskontrolle ersichtlich wurde. Schließlich wurden die ersten fünf C. auris Stämme aus Österreich charakterisiert, um das Bewusstsein für ein potenzielles Auftreten zu erhöhen.SchlussfolgerungZusammenfassend erfordert die zunehmende klinische Relevanz von Pilzinfektionen genaue Resistenztests, die Identifizierung von Resistenzmutationen und den Einsatz wirksamer Antiseptika zur Eindämmung multiresistenter Stämme und die Ausbreitung von C. auris in Österreich zu verhindern.IntroductionFungal infections, particularly infections with Candida, are becoming a growing public health risk due to the increasing prevalence of immunocompromised individuals. Such infections, including invasive candidemia, are associated with high case fatality rates, emphasizing the need for timely and effective antifungal therapy. However, the emergence of resistance to commonly used antifungal drugs, such as azoles and echinocandins, poses a significant challenge in the treatment of fungal infections. Research objectivesThis thesis addresses several main objectives. First, it aims to identify and analyze mutations in resistance genes that play a role in antifungal resistance. Second, it investigates whether borderline echinocandin-resistant isolates exhibit target mutations in FKS1 genes, which are known to confer resistance. Additionally, the thesis aims to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptics against resistant and multidrug-resistant Candida isolates. Lastly, it investigates the current situation of Candida auris in Austria, including prevalence, molecular characterization, and the pathogenicity associated with this emerging pathogen.MethodsThe methods employed in this study include susceptibility testing, targeted sequencing, and whole genome sequencing using Illumina MiSeq, as well as bioinformatical analysis. Targeted sequencing and whole genome sequencing on Illumina MiSeq provided valuable insights into the genetic makeup of the isolates, allowing us to identify mutations in resistance genes and characterize their impact on antifungal resistance. To evaluate the pathogenicity of the isolates, we used the Galleria mellonella model, which provided valuable in vivo data on pathogenicity. Additionally, the effectiveness of antiseptics was determined using the dilution neutralization method. DiscussionIn our 2019 study, we established a novel PCR design combined with high-throughput sequencing to detect resistance mutations. We were able to describe 13 novel resistance mutations. In our second study, we examined the clinical breakpoints for micafungin and provided data to improve their accuracy for resistance classification. Our third study demonstrated the efficacy of antiseptics against resistant Candida, highlighting their potential for infection control. Lastly, we characterized C. auris strains in Austria, raising awareness of its presence and potential impact. ConclusionIn conclusion, the increasing clinical relevance of fungal infections necessitates accurate susceptibility testing, the identification of resistance mutations, and the use of effective antiseptics to combat multidrug-resistant strains as well as preventing the spread of C. auris in Austria.Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersDissertation Medizinische Universität Wien 202
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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