1,720,957 research outputs found
Juvenile Competency
Full text linkThe present research examines the issue of juvenile competency, specifically in the interrogation process and in criminal trials. Existing literature has identified critical components related to juvenile competency, such as highlighting the significance of age regarding the inability to appreciate the seriousness of offenses and the increased levels of immaturity within adolescents. The present research displays a thorough review of academic literature and relevant legal cases that shifted the justice system’s perspective on juvenile competency to better understand why juveniles are more likely to be deemed incompetent than adults. Although there are a limited number of laws that address the issue of juvenile competency, current legislation is also evaluated. The findings of this research support the implementation of more laws that protect juvenile suspects within trials and interrogations
Education in the prison system: The effects on recidivism
Full text linkThis project discusses the impact prison education has on the rate of recidivism. The goal
of the criminal justice system is explored and how recidivism is affected based on the
programs implemented in the system. Background research was conducted on the term
recidivism before delving into how prison-based education impacts it directly. Education in
the prison system positively impacts the rate of recidivism and is essential to those who are incarcerated to be able to better themselves upon release. Prior to concluding, ways in which education in the criminal justice system can be continued are discussed. (Author abstract)Collins, E. (2021). Education in the prison system: The effects on recidivism. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.ed
The American juvenile justice system: Examining disparities and effects in sentencing
No full textIn the American juvenile justice system, the rights afforded to juveniles and the sanctions they may be subject to vary considerably from state to state. These disparities contribute to inconsistent effects of detainment and incarceration on juveniles, as well as varying rates of recidivism, between states. This research explores the various ways in which juveniles throughout the country are processed and sentenced, as well as how these practices impact juvenile offenders. Additionally, alternative sentencing options and their efficacy are evaluated. To understand this issue, the present research uses two vastly different states in the United States to compare and contrast the juvenile justice practices in each state, and analyze how a real case of juvenile parricide would be handled in each state based on the relevant laws and sentencing guidelines. The way in which juveniles are detained and sentenced plays a significant role in their potential for rehabilitation and this research aims to provide insight on which juvenile justice practices offer youth the best opportunity for success after contact with the justice system. (Author abstract)Welch, D.L. (2020). The American juvenile justice system: Examining disparities and effects in sentencing. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.ed
Racial Discrimination Within the Criminal Justice System
Full text linkWhile the criminal justice system is theorized, framed, and practiced by most to be "equal for all", the justice system has in practice shown racial discrimination within numerous aspects of our system; both on a state and federal level that prevent our system from functioning in its true intent. From stricter bail restrictions to harsh criminal penalties that lead to longer incarceration rates, the ways in which racial discrimination negatively affects the already questionable criminal justice system plays a consequence within society. Aspects that affect our everyday life and society, such as prison populations; paint the way in which our system has functioned but also has highlighted the distinction in our system: from how we think of it versus what we perceive of it once we see it in action
The Violence Against Sex Workers
No full textViolence towards sex workers is an issue that plagues this country. The United States has a bias against anything that has to do with taboo subjects. Sex work is a profession that has a bad reputation and because of that, and the fact that anything that has to do with sex is taboo, the men and women involved are seen as "lesser." The police and society tend to care less about them. This paper dives into the issues that follow the bias and the violence that follows this job
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
