1,721,167 research outputs found
A multi-stage decomposition approach for a resource constrained project scheduling problem
No full textLife cycle environmental assessment of retaining walls in unsaturated soils
No full textRetaining structures above groundwater level support soils that are usually in a state of partial saturation and subject to the actions of atmospheric agents. The current design approach considers the possible extremes of soil conditions – either totally dry or totally saturated – but it neglects matric suction's contribution to soil shear strength. This work aims to describe how unsaturated-soil mechanics of can positively influence the sustainability of retaining structures through a holistic, multidisciplinary, geotechnical, and environmental analysis. The geotechnical analysis allows to estimate the lateral earth pressure of a geostructure in both unsaturated and extreme soil conditions (dry or saturated), which will directly influence the geometrical dimensions of the geostructure. Next, the environmental analysis is performed with the standardized and globally applied Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool, in order to quantify the potential environmental impacts of the retaining structure according to both a life cycle and a multi-criteria perspective. First, an LCA model is built for a cantilever retaining wall according to two design approaches: (a) an unsaturated design approach (UDA), i.e. when unsaturated soils’ principles are considered in the design procedure, and (b) a conventional design approach (CDA), i.e. if soil is considered dry or saturated. Three different types of retained soil (i.e. fine-grained soil, volcanic ash, and coarse-grained soil) are considered. Then, the associated environmental impacts on climate change, human health, ecosystems and resources are calculated for the two design approaches. Their comparison allows to quantify the potential reductions in environmental damages provided by the adoption of unsaturated-soil mechanics. The presented case study shows a high potential reduction in environmental impacts for retaining walls interacting with fine-grained soils (silt), lower potential environmental benefits with volcanic ash (clayey–silty sand), but no environmental gain for interaction with a coarse-grained soil (sand) compared to a conventional design approach considering extreme soil conditions
Neonato con patologie ortopediche congenite: dai protocolli di routine alla gestione di patologie complesse
No full textγ-Glutamyltranspeptidase-catalyzed enzymatic synthesis of flavour enhancers from Allium sp.
No full textThe use of flavour enhancers in the food industry could be beneficial for several reasons: they ensure homogeneity of the
final products, reduce costs for condiments and favor consumer's acceptance. On the other hand, the consumer's attention for
convenient, minimally-processed, nutritious, healthy, yet tasty food prompts the food industry to an accurate choice of the
ingredients. In this scenario, naturally occurring kokumi substances could play an important role. Kokumi is a japanese term that refers to mouthfulness, thickness and long-lasting savory sensations. Kokumi substances are represented mainly by gamma-glutamyl derivatives of amino acids. They are nearly tasteless for themselves, but they elicit a strong taste sensation,
expecially in conjunction with protein-rich food [Dunkel 2007]. In vegetables of the genus Allium, kokumi substances were
identified in gamma-glutamyl derivatives of S-alkyl and S-alkenyl cysteines and their S-oxides [Ueda 1990].There is a number of
difficulties connected with the supplying of these materials. Isolation from natural sources is laborious, and their content in
vegetables varies with cultivation and storage. In addition, upon crushing the plant, they are enzymatically degraded. The
chemical synthesis is not economical, due to the need of protection/deprotection steps. We exploited recently the enzymatic synthesis at the laboratory scale of the gamma -glutamyl derivatives of S-allyl cysteine, S-methyl cysteine and methionine, catalyzed by a commercially available mammalian GGT [Speranza 2012]. In this communication we report that such flavour enhancers can be obtained as well by using a purified, home-made bacterial GGT from Bacillus subtilis, a GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) organism, suited to food processing
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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