111 research outputs found
RETRACTED: Potential effects of elevated temperature on seasonal movements in slipper lobsters, Scyllarides latus (Latreille, 1803), in the eastern Mediterranean
No full textRETRACTED: Potential effects of elevated temperature on seasonal movements in slipper lobsters, Scyllarides latus (Latreille, 1803), in the eastern MediterraneanOriginal article:GOLDSTEIN, J., & SPANIER, E. (2020). Potential effects of elevated temperature on seasonal movements in slipper lobsters, Scyllarides latus (Latreille, 1803), in the eastern Mediterranean. Mediterranean Marine Science, 21(2), 482-492. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.22074Editor's Note:This Article has been retracted; the Retraction Note is available at:http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.2585
A concise review of lobster utilization by worldwide human populations from prehistory to the modern era
No full textSpanier, Ehud ... et. al.-- Contribution to the Supplement: Lobsters in a Changing Climate.-- 15 pages, 7 figuresLobsters are important resources throughout the world's oceans, providing food security, employment, and a trading commodity. Whereas marine biologists generally focus on modern impacts of fisheries, here we explore the deep history of lobster exploitation by prehistorical humans and ancient civilizations, through the first half of the 20th century. Evidence of lobster use comprises midden remains, artwork, artefacts, writings about lobsters, and written sources describing the fishing practices of indigenous peoples. Evidence from archaeological dig sites is potentially biased because lobster shells are relatively thin and easily degraded in most midden soils; in some cases, they may have been used as fertilizer for crops instead of being dumped in middens. Lobsters were a valuable food and economic resource for early coastal peoples, and ancient Greek and Roman Mediterranean civilizations amassed considerable knowledge of their biology and fisheries. Before European contact, lobsters were utilized by indigenous societies in the Americas, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand at seemingly sustainable levels, even while other fish and molluscan species may have been overfished. All written records suggest that coastal lobster populations were dense, even in the presence of abundant and large groundfish predators, and that lobsters were much larger than at present. Lobsters gained a reputation as “food for the poor” in 17th and 18th century Europe and parts of North America, but became a fashionable seafood commodity during the mid-19th century. High demand led to intensified fishing effort with improved fishing gear and boats, and advances in preservation and long-distance transport. By the early 20th century, coastal stocks were overfished in many places and average lobster size was significantly reduced. With overfishing came attempts to regulate fisheries, which have varied over time and have met with limited successPeer Reviewe
An RNA interference knock-down of nitrate reductase enhances lipid biosynthesis in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
No full textWhen diatoms are stressed for inorganic nitrogen they remodel their intermediate metabolism and redirect carbon towards lipid biosynthesis. However, this response comes at a significant cost reflected in decreased photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency and growth. Here we explore a molecular genetics approach to restrict the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by knocking down nitrate reductase (NR). The transformant strain, NR21, exhibited about 50% lower expression and activity of the enzyme but simultaneously accumulated over 40% more fatty acids. However, in contrast to nitrogen-stressed wild-type (WT) cells, which grow at about 20% of the rate of nitrogen-replete cells, growth of NR21 was only reduced by about 30%. Biophysical analyses revealed that the photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency of photosystem II was unaffected in NR21; nevertheless, the plastoquinone pool was reduced by 50% at the optimal growth irradiance while in the WT it was over 90% oxidized. Further analyses reveal a 12-fold increase in the glutamate/glutamine ratio and an increase NADPH and malonyl-CoA pool size. Transcriptomic analyses indicate that the knock down resulted in changes in the expression of genes for lipid biosynthesis, as well as the expression of specific transcription factors. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that the allocation of carbon and reductants in diatoms is controlled by a feedback mechanism between intermediate metabolites, the redox state of the plastid and the expression and binding of transcription factors related to stress responses.Peer reviewe
RETRACTED: Potential effects of elevated temperature on seasonal movements in slipper lobsters, Scyllarides latus (Latreille, 1803), in the eastern Mediterranean
No full textRetraction of: Mediterranean Marine Science http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.22074, published online 13 July 2020Editor note: The authors are retracting this article.In the article, Potential effects of elevated temperature on seasonal movements in slipper lobsters, Scyllarides latus (Latreille, 1803), in the eastern Mediterranean (Vol. 21, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.22074), authors J. Goldstein and E. Spanier have made an honest error in the inaccurate interpretation of their special scientific permit that afforded them the opportunity to collect wild-caught animals in the field and release them in their study area, in the marine reserve where this work was conducted. More specifically, the study component that refers to the ‘field tagging study’, was carried out without the full scope of permitting guidance unbeknownst to the authors. Dr. R. Yahel and E. Miller, Marine Ecologists of the Israeli National Park Authority (INPA), have pointed this out and have since requested that the article be removed given that the application of the special use permit was misinterpreted and not exercised in an appropriate manner. The authors were also not able to forward the INPA with the field’s raw data that have been lost since this field study was carried out over eight years ago. The authors were not aware of this discrepancy at the time the field study was carried out, but they have agreed to remove the article out of respect and admiration of the INPA and the continued protection and conservation of the Mediterranean slipper lobster in coastal Israeli waters. However, this action of retraction does not change the overall outcome of the paper’s finding including the study design, analyses, scientific integrity, or overall conclusions. The authors will plan on publishing the laboratory-based portion of this study as a stand-alone manuscript at a future date
Biology and Fishery of the Slipper Lobster; Thenus Orientalis, in India
No full textCommercially exploited, edible lobsters in India belong to the families Palinuridae and
Scyllaridae, the latter representing only one species, Thenus orientalis (Lund 1793). The
introduction of mechanized trawlers for fishing and the attractive prices that export
of frozen rock lobster tail fetched in the early 1970s resulted in the exploitation of lobster
resources on a commercial scale. Thenus orientalis found along both the east and
west coasts of India formed and continues to sustain fisheries of importance along the
northwest and southeast coasts, where their landings are mainly as by-catch of trawlers.
India has a multispecies lobster fishery: T. orientalis dominates the fishery in Gujarat
and northern Tamil Nadu, Panulirus polyphagus Herbst, 1793 dominates in Maharashtra,
Puerulus sewelli Ramadan, 1938 dominates in Kerala and Panulirus ornatus Fabricius, 1798
and F! homarus Linnaeus, 1758 dominates in southern Tamil Nadu
Biology and fishery of the Bay Lobster, Thenus spp.
No full textBay lobsters of the genus Thenus are a common and valuable bycatch of the shrimp trawl fisheries of northern Australia. Until recently there was thought to be a single species of this genus, but two species are now recognised from Australia, Thenus orientalis and T. indicus, and additional species are likely to be described from other regions. The economic importance of the Australian species was at odds with the meagre biological information available until detailed studies were made in the 1980’s and 1990’s, which generated important information for fisheries management, and revealed the specialized nature of these lobsters. Thenus spp. inhabit the soft, sedimentary mud and sand of the continental shelf, particularly in inter-reef areas along the tropical coastline of Australia. Their morphology and behavior share much in common with other Scyllarids, but also have unique features which reflect successful adaptation to their environment. Most notable are the ability to swim, often long distances, and the capacity to bury into the sediment. T. indicus is generally the smaller of the two species (maximum size approximately 65mm CL), and inhabits shallow, inshore water, 10 to 30m deep in areas characterized by fine sand and silt. T. orientalis grows to a larger size (maximum size approximately 95mm CL) and inhabits waters of 30 to 60m depth, where sediments are characterized by medium to coarse sands. For both species, sexual dimorphism is very subtle. Mating is believed to involve a brief encounter, and the spermatophoric mass is likely to be very short-lived. Mean fecundity is 12,455 for T. indicus and 32,230 for T. orientalis. Reproductive seasonality is marked by two spawning peaks corresponding to spring and mid-summer. Growth is quite rapid, and for both species a CL of 40mm (approximately 40g total weight) is reached within the first 12 months, and approximately 80% of maximum size by 2 years of age. Maximum age for T. indicus is between 2 and 4 years, and between 4 and 8 years for T. orientalis. Both species are nocturnally active, with clear peaks in activity at dusk and just prior to dawn. During daylight hours Thenus spp. bury themselves in the sediment, with only the eyes and antennules exposed. During periods of activity, Thenus spp. occasionally leap from the sediment into a swimming mode effected by contractions of the abdomen, and controlled by movement of the antennae. Such locomotion swimming may be sustained for periods up to 40 minutes, enabling lobsters to move distances of several hundreds of meters. The fishery for Thenus in Australia is managed, and regulations include a total ban on the taking of berried females and a minimum size of 75mm carapace width. CPUE has been stable over the past 2 decades, although total catch has diminished with reductions in fishing effort. For Queensland, a maximum catch of 755 tonnes was recorded in 1997, and more recently, the annual catch has been around 400 tonnes
The Story of Ehud and Eglon in Judges 3:12-30. A Literary Pearl as a Theological Stumbling Block
No full textMaking use of numerous stylistic devices and playing with words, the author of Judg 3:12-30 has succeeded in creating a masterpiece of literature that challenges its reader. Moreover and simultaneously, this story, that narrates the brutal murder of king Eglon by the Israelite Ehud, is very problematic from a theological perspective. The present article offers firstly an analysis of Judg 3:12-20 and subsequently demonstrates how a specific and often-overlooked aspect of the violent nature of the text – after all, king Eglon has been utilized by YHWH to restore obedience among the Israelites – holds a key to unlocking the theological intention of this text
The genetic basis of persistence and recovery in stuttering
No full textThe purpose of this study was to elaborate on genetic perspectives of stuttering with reference to recovery and chronicity in children. Past research has provided evidence of a genetic factor in the transmission of susceptibility to stuttering, but factors governing persistence and recovery have not been as yet identified.Immediate and extended families of 66 stuttering probands were investigated to determine frequencies of persistent and recovered stuttering. Pedigree analysis and segregation analysis were utilized to examine patterns of heritability.The following questions were investigated: (1) Is there a sex effect in recovery from stuttering? This hypothesis examined the notion that females have a greater chance of recovery than do males, leading to the changing sex ratio from approximately 2:1 males to females close to onset of the disorder, to 4 or 5:1 in adulthood. A significant chi square indicated that recovery among females is significantly more frequent than among males, as shown by the sharply different sex ratios of persistent vs. recovered stutterers. (2) Is persistence or recovery from stuttering heritable? If recovery appears to be heritable, (a) are recovered and persistent stuttering a unitary disorder where recovered stuttering is a genetically milder form of persistent stuttering; (b) is recovery transmitted independent of stuttering; or (c) are recovered and persistent stuttering independent disorders? Results indicated that persistence or recovery are indeed heritable, and further, that recovery is not a milder form, nor do the two types of stuttering appear to be unrelated, independent disorders. Data are most consistent with the hypothesis that persistence is in part due to an additional genetic factor.Segregation analyses supported these conclusions and provided statistical evidence for both a single major locus and polygenic component for persistent and recovered stuttering.This study was supported by grant #R01-DC00459 from the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Principal Investigator: Ehud Yairi.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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