1,721,001 research outputs found
The Need for Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevention in Cardio-Oncology
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Hypertensive Oncologic Patients
No full textApproximately one out of four adults in the world is affected by arterial hypertension, the most common risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) and cerebrovascular diseases, which are the main contributors to mortality and morbidity worldwide (Williams et al. 2018). Prevalence of hypertension in cancer patients is similar to that of general population; hence, it is the most common comorbidity in this condition (Piccirillo et al. 2004; Unger et al. 2019). The importance of hypertension in the oncologic patient is related to the increased susceptibility it confers toward cardiotoxicity due to anticancer treatments (Tini et al. 2019). More in general, major CV risk factors predispose to cardiotoxicity (Pinder et al. 2007; Cameron et al. 2016; Tini et al. 2019) and a worse CV risk profile has been associated with cardiac events and adverse outcomes during and after oncologic treatments (Armenian et al. 2016; Hershman et al. 2018). It thus appears clear that a hypertensive oncologic patient carries a higher risk of CV events in the short and long terms and requires a particularly tailored management.
Over the last years, thanks to growing advances in the field of cancer therapies, a considerable decrease in cancer mortality has been observed. Unfortunately, such therapies have shown a wide spectrum of cardiotoxicities. This book provides the readers with the latest advances and insights in the ever-expanding field of Cardio-Oncology. Specific topics discussed in the book include the potential role of inflammation in Cardio-Oncology and the description of the different manifestations of cardiotoxicities (including vascular toxicity, systemic hypertension, arrhythmias), analyzing the complex relationships between cancer and heart failure, two conditions whose prevalence increases with ageing. Furthermore, the role of biomarkers and imaging in cardio-oncology is discussed
Potential of creatine or phosphocreatine supplementation in cerebrovascular disease and in ischemic heart disease.
No full textCreatine is of paramount importance for maintaining and managing cellular ATP stores in both physiological and pathological states. Besides these “ergogenic” actions, it has a number of additional “pleiotropic” effects, e.g., antioxidant activity, neurotransmitter-like behavior, prevention of opening of mitochondrial permeability pore and others. Creatine supplementation has been proposed for a number of conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is likely that creatine’s largest therapeutic potential is in those diseases caused by energy shortage or by increased energy demand; for example, ischemic stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. Surprisingly, despite a large preclinical body of evidence, little or no clinical research has been carried out in these fields. However, recent work showed that high-dose creatine supplementation causes an 8–9 % increase in cerebral creatine content, and that this is capable of improving, in humans, neuropsychological performances that are hampered by hypoxia. In addition, animal work suggests that creatine supplementation may be protective in stroke by increasing not only the neuronal but also the endothelial creatine content. Creatine should be administered before brain ischemia occurs, and thus should be given for prevention purposes to patients at high risk of stroke. In myocardial ischemia, phosphocreatine has been used clinically with positive results, e.g., showing prevention of arrhythmia and improvement in cardiac parameters. Nevertheless, large clinical trials are needed to confirm these results in the context of modern reperfusion interventions. So far, the most compelling evidence for creatine and/or phosphocreatine use in cardiology is as an addition to cardioplegic solutions, where positive effects have been repeatedly reported
Patterns of anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in cancer patients referred to cardio-oncological evaluation
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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