1,721,046 research outputs found
Affrontare l'AIDS. Programmi di prevenzione e strategie terapeutiche [Confronting AIDS. Prevention programs and therapeutic strategies]
No full textHIV pathology and AIDS patterns represent a topical and serious reality. Now AIDS syndrome affects many types of population all ever the world. These types have different epidemiologic ratings according to the localization of the countries (3rd world or developed areas). Global Programme on AIDS (GPA) had a rapid development from its beginning (February 1987) with the aid of more than 150 national programs; in fact a lot of countries have developed and applied their own AIDS projects. OMS helped these programs giving indications and informative material about: promotion of health, check-up of HIV infections, prevention, epidemiologic control, services for laboratory and transfusion centres, treatment in general and counselling activities. Therefore it is very important to integrate medical activities and every intervention on AIDS in every sanitary and social service. To fight this dramatic reality, we must operate on two fronts: the first is the prevention and the second is the correct diagnostic and therapeutic approach. These are the purposes of medicine in general and odontostomatology in particular
Minor Salivary Gland Surgery and Histopathological Scoring System: A Systematic Review
No full textSjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the exocrine glands with an associated functional deficit. The clinical picture is characterized by symptoms such as dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia). The disease is defined as primary if no other autoimmune diseases are associated, otherwise, it is defined as secondary. A systematic review was made using the databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and keywords "biopsy,""classification,""clinical pathology,""salivary glands,"and "Sjogren's syndrome."The diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome is based on a combination of clinical, serologic, instrumental, and histological features. In addition to ocular tests, a biopsy of the minor salivary glands represents one of the most relevant examinations for the diagnosis. In fact, the evaluation of specific histopathological features represents one of the most important criteria proposed in the last international consensus of 2016, which developed the most recent classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome. Knowledge of classification criteria, minor salivary gland biopsy techniques, and histopathological features are essential for the clinician to evaluate the pathology report and make a diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. The aim of this review is to describe the classification criteria of the disease proposed to date, the main biopsy techniques used to analyze the minor salivary glands, and finally, the histopathological diagnostic scoring systems currently applied
Current Salivary Glands Biopsy Techniques: A Comprehensive Review
No full textBiopsy is a surgical procedure performed to collect a portion of tissue or organ for diagnostic studies. The aim of the present manuscript is to describe state-of-the-art major and minor salivary gland biopsy techniques and assess the indications and complications of other salivary gland biopsy techniques. A search was performed using the following MeSH terms: biopsy, fine-needle biopsies, image-guided biopsies, frozen sections, and salivary glands disease. A current overview of major and minor salivary glands biopsy techniques was provided. In the oncological field, a comparison was made between the most widely used biopsy method, ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB), and an alternative method, ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (US-guided CNB), highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each. Finally, intra-operative frozen sections (IOFSs) were presented as an additional intraoperative diagnostic method. Minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) is the simplest diagnostic method used by clinicians in the diagnosis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In neoplastic lesions, US-FNAB represents the most performed method; however, due to its low diagnostic accuracy for non-neoplastic specimens, US-guided CNB has been introduced as an alternative method
Relazione tra nevi e melanomi : Rassegna della letteratura [Relationship between nevus and melanoma. Review of the literature]
No full textThe main purpose of this paper is to explain the development of the thought and the most updated considerations about the correlations between nevi and melanoma, through a critical review in chronological order of the scientific publications about it since 1969. This leads to the discussion, correction and recovery of thoughts that had been left. In fact we know that a kind of correlation exists but, until now, has not been completely explained
Candidosi delle mucose oro-faringee. Aspetti clinici ed epidemiologici in un gruppo di pazienti HIV positivi e con AIDS [Candidiasis of the oropharyngeal mucosa. The clinical and epidemiological aspects in a group of HIV-positive and AIDS patients]
No full textImmune system deficiencies, particularly cell-mediated immunity are the main events of HIV infection. The resulting syndrome is removies: AIDS. This immune deficiency encourages neoplasms such as the Kaposi sarcoma and non Hodgkin lymphoma, above all, it explains the reason why infections supported by opportunist germs, normally not pathogenic for immuno-competent people, are the main reason for morbidity and mortality in this kind of patients. Since among mycotic infections, the main one in these patients is candidiasis, particularly oro-pharyngeal candidiasis, we have carried out a research with the aim of evaluating the main mucosae oris pathologies in HIV and AIDS patients and, among them, the most directly correlated to HIV infection with reference to oro-pharyngeal candidiasis. We have based our research on the analysis of 237 patients case-histories. From January 1993 to December 1994 these patients have been examined at the Odontological Surgery by the "Centro San Luigi" for HIV-correlated pathologies researches and treatments (Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele-Milano
Multidisciplinary approach to Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: from diagnosis to surgical treatment of jawbones
No full textBackground: Gorlin syndrome, also known as Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) or basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) or nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), is an autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome. It is characterized by the presence of numerous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), along with skeletal, ophthalmic, and neurological abnormalities. It is essential to anticipate the diagnosis by identifying the pathology through the available diagnostic tests, clinical signs, and radiological manifestations, setting up an adequate treatment plan. Main body: In the first part, we searched recent databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library by analyzing the etiopathogenesis of the disease, identifying the genetic alterations underlying them. Subsequently, we defined what are, to date, the major and minor clinical diagnostic criteria, the possible genetic tests to be performed, and the pathologies with which to perform differential diagnosis. The radiological investigations were reviewed based on the most recent literature, and in the second part, we performed a review regarding the existing jawbone protocols, treating simple enucleation, enucleation with bone curettage in association or not with topical use of cytotoxic chemicals, and “en bloc” resection followed by possible bone reconstruction, marsupialization, decompression, and cryotherapy. Conclusion: To promote the most efficient and accurate management of GGS, this article summarizes the clinical features of the disease, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and surgical protocols. To arrive at an early diagnosis of the syndrome, it would be advisable to perform radiographic and clinical examinations from the young age of the patient. The management of the patient with GGS requires a multidisciplinary approach ensuring an adequate quality of life and effective treatment of symptoms
Problematiche clinico-diagnostiche e terapeutiche odontoiatriche e stomatologiche nei pazienti HIV positivi e con AIDS [Clinico-diagnostic and odonto-stomatologic therapeutic problems in patients with HIV infection and AIDS]
No full textDuring the last decade, scientific studies and new knowledges concerning HIV infection and AIDS, have constituted one of the main topics for discussion in the fields of biology and medicine. AIDS is a serious disease and it is unfortunately characterized by a very high death rate. In spite of all the efforts deployed by researchers and scientists, there is at present no effective therapy capable of restoring a proper immunological balance in the affected subjects. In the field of odontostomatology all diagnostic, clinical or therapeutic operation in HIV patients, is to be considered as particularly complex and characterized by some degree of real risk. It is therefore necessary to develop a whole set of health-care models which must provide a broad range of different interventions in order to assure a rational and technically profitable service. We point to the various diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic methods and approaches to be recommended in the case of HIV and AIDS patients, and we add some reference to health care activities at the "San Luigi Center" of the Scientific Istitute San Raffaele Hospital in Milan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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