1,720,962 research outputs found
Microbial oceanography of the Southern Ocean water masses
No full textMicroorganisms from all three domains of life - Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya are the base of the marine food web and the key engines sustaining the marine nutrient budget via both primary production and nutrient remineralization. Microbial biogeography and ecology are closely tied to hydrography and the physical oceanographic processes related to the global ocean circulation. Within the Southern Ocean, understanding of the microbial biogeography is still at its infancy, particularly within the pelagic dark ocean which is a large reservoir of both microbes and organic matter available for microbial activity. The Southern Ocean is a region with pivotal influence on the global nutrient circulation and climate but is also a hotspot for the impacts of climate change. As microbial biogeography links both the causes and consequences of microbial interactions with their environment, there is an urgent need to better understand the biogeographic distribution of the Southern Ocean microbial community, the key players within this ecosystem. This thesis explores the microbial community composition within the full water column along several transects of the Southern ocean. High-throughput tag sequencing of microbial marker genes (16S and 18S rRNA genes) and bioinformatics analysis were used to examine the relationship of the community with environmental and geographical variables. The initial study considered the bacterial community from the Pacific and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean. This work investigated if the bacterial community composition was strictly delineated by the hydrography of distinct water masses despite being geographically distant and tested the hypothesis if uniform environments of the abyssopelagic water masses promote a more homogenous microbiota. Extending previous findings, bacterial biogeography was explained in part by water mass hydrography, but also exhibited community composition variations at the family taxonomic level between sectors. Deeper water masses harbored a remarkably high bacterial beta-diversity across sites and was only weakly explained by water mass hydrography. Depth and bacterial lifestyle were major considerations in the influence of environmental factors on the Southern Ocean bacterial community composition. Subsequent work involved an expanded scope to include a high resolution (0.5-1 latitudinal degree interval) microbial sampling and analysis from surface to depth of a latitudinal transect within the South Pacific Ocean. Bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic taxonomic profiles were constructed for each of the 1045 samples. All the microbial domains showed strong depth stratification but displayed varying patterns and intensities of delineation by water mass hydrography. These samples were used to focus in on the diversity of Phaeocystis, a ubiquitously distributed keystone phytoplankton with fundamental contributions to the marine carbon and sulfur cycles. Previous Phaeocystis studies have been centered primarily on its colonial forms, including massive blooms of Phaeocystis during the austral spring-summer. Through analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences, this study showed that Phaeocystis was an abundant phytoplankton in high latitude waters even in the late autumn, contributing up to 12% of the eukaryotic sequences detected. Stable oceanographic fronts within surface waters were shown to structure the Phaeocystis community which also exhibited patterns of low diversity in a thriving community. P. globosa, a species commonly reported only within the northern hemisphere, was detected within the Subantarctic to Subtropical as well as equatorial upwelling regions. Overall, this thesis has provided the first high vertical and spatial resolution genomics survey of the Southern Ocean, filling in critical knowledge gaps of Southern Ocean microbial oceanography, and represents an important first step towards a microbial atlas of the Southern Ocean
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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