1,720,993 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Étude des mécanismes moléculaires précoces de la réponse neuro-immunitaire dans des modèles de la maladie de Parkinson
No full textCe mémoire porte sur l’étude des mécanismes d’action de la neurotoxine MPTP et sur les processus menant à l’activation des cellules immunitaires innées. Dans un premier volet, une étude sur la chronologie des évènements immunitaires prenant place dans ce contexte expérimental a été menée grâce à l’utilisation des souris transgéniques cis-NF-ĸBeGFP, CX3CR1GFP et lysMeGFP montrant une activité inflammatoire très précoce dans ce tissu. Dans un deuxième volet, une étude mécanistique portant sur la capacité des cellules immunitaires à transporter la toxine a été réalisée en utilisant l’analogue fluorescent du MPP+, l’APP+. Les cellules immunitaires peuvent transporter cet analogue, et donc pourraient être modulables par la neurotoxine. Finalement, dans un troisième volet, un protocole de conditionnement in vitro avec des monocytes et des neurones dopaminergiques a permis de montrer l’importance d’une combinaison entre l’effet du MPP+ sur les neurones dopaminergiques et un environnement pro-inflammatoire pour engendrer des altérations de ces neurones.This thesis focuses on the study of the mechanisms of action of the neurotoxin MPTP and the process leading to innate immune cells activation. In the first part, a study of the chronology of immune events taking place in this experimental context was performed using the transgenic mice cis-NF-ĸBeGFP, CX3CR1GFP and lysMeGFP showing very early inflammatory activities in the myenteric plexus. In a second phase, a mechanistic study on immune cells ability to carry the toxin was conducted using the fluorescent analog of MPP+, APP+. Immune cells can indeed carry this analog, and therefore may be modulated by the neurotoxin. Finally, in a third aspect, an in vitro conditioning assay with monocytes and dopaminergic neurons showed the importance of a combination of the effect of MPP+ on dopaminergic neurons and a pro-inflammatory environment to generate alterations in these neurons
Rôle de la réponse immunitaire innée dans la maladie de Parkinson
No full textLa maladie de Parkinson (MP) est une maladie neurologique progressive caractérisée par des dysfonctionnements moteurs se manifestant par des tremblements, de la bradykinésie, de la rigidité musculaire ainsi que de l’instabilité posturale. Ces manifestations physiques sont causées par la dégénérescence des neurones dopaminergiques (DAergiques) de la voie nigrostriatale. Ces dysfonctions motrices sont généralement précédées, jusqu’à 10 ans avant leur apparition, par d’autres symptômes, dont des altérations gastro-intestinales. La dégénérescence des neurones DAergiques dans le plexus myentérique serait à l’origine des dysfonctions gastro-intestinales. Plusieurs problématiques associées à la MP peuvent entraver la découverte de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. D’abord, les causes menant à l’initiation de la pathologie et la neurodégénérescence demeurent largement inconnues, et ce, malgré la mise en évidence de certains mécanismes impliqués dans la pathogenèse de la maladie, dont l’inflammation. Un second obstacle constitue le manque de biomarqueurs permettant le diagnostic précoce de la maladie au cours de son développement, puisque la pathologie se manifeste lorsque la dégénérescence atteint 60 à 70% des neurones DAergiques. Conséquemment, les traitements disponibles actuellement concernent uniquement les options thérapeutiques symptomatiques tandis qu’aucun traitement n’est disponible afin de modifier le cours évolutif du processus dégénératif amorcé plusieurs années avant le diagnostic. Ce projet doctoral s’inscrit donc dans une thématique globale ciblant plusieurs aspects de la problématique soulevée ci-dessus, en s’attardant principalement à mieux comprendre la contribution du système immunitaire innée dans la dégénérescence des neurones au niveau du plexus myentérique dans un modèle de souris parkinsoniennes. En premier lieu, nous avons caractérisé la réponse immunitaire engendrée par la neurotoxine 1-méthyl-4-phényl-1,2,3,6- tétrahydropyridine (MPTP) dans le plexus myentérique de souris sauvages et partiellement déficientes en immunité innée (MyD88 -/-) La découverte de l’infiltration de monocytes proinflammatoires dans le plexus myentérique nous a menés à étudier le rôle de ce type cellulaire dans l’altération des neurones DAergiques au niveau du plexus myentérique et du système nerveux central de souris traitées au MPTP. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de tester une nouvelle cible thérapeutique permettant de moduler la réponse inflammatoire afin de limiter les dommages neuronaux induits par la neurotoxine.Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by motor dysfunctions, which include tremor, muscle rigidity, postural instability and bradykinesia. The slow and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway constitutes a key element at the origin of clinical motor manifestations. Non-motor symptoms are also observed and could preceed their motor counterparts by several years. The former include gastrointestinal problems such as delayed gastric emptying, constipation and defecatory dysfunctions. The degeneration of DAergic neurons in the myenteric plexus is at the origin of gastrointestinal impariments. Major issues encountered in PD research currently impede the development of appropriate medication. First, the factors behind PD initiation that lead to neurodegeneration remain largely unknown, despite the discovery of several mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis, notably inflammation, which has been given considerable attention in recent years. A second hurdle is the lack of biomarkers to diagnose the disease earlier in its development. Indeed, most motor symptoms are manifested when approximately 60 to 70 % of DAergics neurons are degenerated. As a result of these caveats, PD patients currently only have access to symptomatic treatment options, since no therapy is available to modify degenerative processes primed several years before diagnosis. My doctoral research project is built into a global thematic approach targeting several aspects of the issues raised above, but more specifically to investigate the role of the innate immune response and the contribution of macrophages to neuronal degeneration in the myenteric plexus in a murine model of PD. First we characterized the innate immune response occurring in the enteric nervous system secondary to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) lesioning of wild-type and immune deficient (MyD88 -/-) mice. Our findings about proinflammatory monocytes infiltration in the myenteric plexus lead us to investigate on the role of the innate immune response relatively with neurodegeneration occurring in the central nervous system and myenteric plexus in response to MPTP. Our promising results provide us with the chance to test a new therapeutic target that modulates the innate immune response and limits MPTP-induced neuronal damages
Différences sexuelles et impact nutraceutique du DHA sur des modèles murins de synucléinopathie
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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