1,720,991 research outputs found
Electroencephalography-based measures of human mental workload in operational environments for the development of passive Brain-Computer Interfaces
Full text linkÈ possibile esaltare le prestazioni di un operatore stimando il suo carico di lavoro mentale dalla propria attività cerebrale, ed usare questa informazione per adattare le funzionalità dell’interfaccia che sta utilizzando?
Questa è la domanda sperimentale a cui la mia attività di ricerca del Dottorato ha provato a dare una risposta.
Anche se in maniera non quantificata, è ampiamente accettata l’idea che le risorse cognitive del cervello umano siano limitate. In funzione della quantità di risorse cognitive, in altre parole del carico di lavoro mentale, dedicate al compito principale, la capacità umana di affrontare ulteriori eventi inaspettati potrebbe diminuire drasticamente. È stato dimostrato che gli uomini possono raggiungere le proprie migliori prestazioni solo mantenendo il proprio carico di lavoro mentale all’interno di un intervallo ottimale, altrimenti aumenta la probabilità che commettano errori. Sfortunatamente, l’errore umano è una delle principali cause di incidenti e catastrofi non naturali. Per tale motivo, la ricerca neuroscientifica sta dando un importante contributo allo sviluppo di Interfacce Cervello-Computer in grado di riconoscere lo stato mentale dell’utente e di aiutarlo se necessario.
In tale contesto, la mia attività di ricercar aveva lo scopo di sviluppare un metodo in grado di valutare online il carico di lavoro mentale dell’utente, sulla base della sua attività cerebrale misurata attraverso Elettroencefalografia, in ambienti operativi, affrontando tutti quei problemi relativi all’eseguire misure neurofisiologiche affidabili al di fuori dei contesti controllati propri dei laboratori.
Il metodo sviluppato (brevettato) è stato con successo validato in tre differenti ambienti operative, ossia il controllo di traffico aereo, la guida di auto e la chirurgia assistita da robot. Inoltre, esso è stato applicato online in una reale applicazione di Interfaccia Cervello Computer, dove la piattaforma operative variava il suo livello di automazione sulla base del carico di lavoro mentale, misurato attraverso tecnica EEG, dell’operatore.Is it possible to enhance the performance of an operator by inferring his/her mental workload online from his brain activity? Also, would be possible to use such information to adapt the functionalities of the operative interface he/she is interacting with?
This is the experimental question that my PhD research activity tried to answer.
Even if not quantified, it is widely accepted the assumption that the human brain cognitive resources are limited. Depending on the amount of cognitive resources, i.e. the mental workload, committed to the main task, the human capacity to face additional unexpected events could dramatically decrease. It was demonstrated that humans could achieve their best performance only if maintaining their mental workload within an optimum range, otherwise they will be more prone to commit errors. Unfortunately, the human error is one of the main causes of accidents and no-natural catastrophes. Therefore, neuroscientific research is giving an important contribute in the development of Brain-Computer Interfaces able to recognize the user’s mental state covertly (i.e. without interfering with his/her main activity) and to help him if needed.
In this context, my research activity aimed to develop a method able to evaluate, even online, the user’s mental workload, on the basis of his/her brain activity measured by Electroencephalography, in operational environments, facing all those issues related to perform reliable neurophysiological measures outside the laboratory controlled conditions.
The developed method (patented) has been successfully validated in three different operational environments, i.e. the Air Traffic Management, the car driving and the robot-assisted surgery. Also, it has been applied online in a real application of Brain Computer Interface, where the operative platform changed its behaviour according on the EEG-based measure of the actual operator’s mental workload level
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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