1,721,085 research outputs found
Ricordi emotivi e ricordi traumatici
No full textThe present paper aims to offer a critical analysis of the literature on emotional and traumatic memories. First, some definitions of the concepts of emotional and traumatic event are reported as they can help to clarify the main differences between these two classes of events. Then, the main theoretical and empirical perspectives on emotional and traumatic memory are examined, paying special attention to recent research investigating similarities and differences between emotional and traumatic memories either in normal or psychopathological subjects. Overall, findings from this research line provide inconsistent indications about the psychological mechanisms involved in long-term memory for emotional and traumatic events. The author discusses limitations that characterize this field of investigation, suggesting new research directions and identifying their practical implications
The psychology of autobiographical memory. History, theory, research
No full textThis book provides an overview of the key theoretical and empirical issues relating to autobiographical memory: the extraordinarily complex psychological activity that enables us to retrieve, relive and reappraise our pasts. The first part of the book retraces the genesis and historical development of the psychology of autobiographical memory, from the pioneering contributions of Francis Galton, Victor Henri and Sigmund Freud, to the most recent research in the fields of cognitivism, cognitive science and neuroscience. The author then moves on to two key topics in the contemporary panorama: the content and organisation of autobiographical memory (what we remember from our lives and how we link together specific segments of our personal pasts) and the functions of autobiographical memory (why we remember our pasts). This book will provide a valuable scholarly overview for cognitive psychologists and an authoritative critical introduction to the field for students and scholars from across psychology, philosophy, literary criticism, sociology and law
What do Cubans think about happiness?
No full textThe present chapter summarizes the results from two recent studies (Galati, Manzano, & Sotgiu, 2006; Sotgiu, Galati, Manzano, & Rognoni, 2011) which empirically investigated how Cuban citizens represent the concept of happiness and its semantic space. Overall, findings indicate that the naive conceptions of happiness put forward by participants were organized around a set of prototypical meaning components, including family, health, and love. Moreover, it was found that both the perceived importance of some of these components and the sociodemographic variables predicting the participants’ levels of overall happiness significantly differed between adult and older citizens. In the last part of the chapter, the author discusses the similarities and differences between the Cuban conceptions of happiness and the ones found in other cultural contexts
L’idea di felicità nella psicologia ingenua
No full textIl presente contributo si propone di esplorare lo spazio semantico della felicità, illustrando e discutendo criticamente i risultati di un recente filone di ricerca che ha indagato come le persone comuni definiscono e si rappresentano questo concetto. Considerati nel loro insieme, i lavori condotti in questo ambito evidenziano che la felicità è una categoria concettuale molto ampia all’interno della quale trovano posto componenti di significato e temi anche molto diversi fra loro: ad esempio, la salute, le relazioni affettive, le emozioni positive, il successo e l’auto-realizzazione. È stato altresì documentato, però, che l’importanza attribuita ad alcune di queste componenti cambia in modo significativo in funzione del contesto socio-culturale nel quale le persone conducono la propria vita e della loro età. Nelle conclusioni, l’autore discute le implicazioni di questi risultati per la misurazione dei livelli di benessere soggettivo e qualità della vita della popolazione generale.The present work aims to explore the semantic space of happiness, illustrating and critically discussing the results from a recent research line which investigated how common people define and represent this concept. Overall, studies conducted in this field indicate that happiness is a broad conceptual category covering a wide range of meaning components and themes: for example, health, affective relationships, positive emotions, success, and self-actualization. However, it was also found that the perceived salience of some of these components significantly varies according to the socio-cultural context people live in and their age. In the conclusions, the author discusses the implications of these results for the measurement of subjective well-being and quality of life of the general population
Ulric Neisser's contribution to the study of autobiographical memory accuracy
No full textUlric Neisser was the initiator of the contemporary psychology of autobiographical memory, as well as the founder of the ecological approach to human cognition. The present article reviews his empirical and theoretical contributions to an issue which is at the heart of the contemporary debate on autobiographical memory: that is, autobiographical memory accuracy. From the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, Neisser empirically investigated this topic in a variety of memory research fields including legal testimony, flashbulb memory, and childhood memory. Overall, the empirical studies that Neisser conducted in these fields led him to conceptualize autobiographical memory as a reconstructive process serving the specific goals pursued by the rememberer at a particular time and place, and dynamically varying according to the social context in which autobiographical experiences are recalled. In the conclusions, the author discusses the influence of Neisser's empirical and theoretical work on autobiographical memory accuracy on the current memory literature
Conceptions of Happiness and Unhappiness among Italian Psychology Undergraduates.
Get PDFThe present study aims at investigating the conceptions of happiness and unhappiness in a sample of Italian psychology undergraduates. Participants completed a questionnaire asking them to report the most important things that made them feel happy (happiness components) and those ones that made them feel unhappy (unhappiness components). Different measures of overall happiness and overall unhappiness were also obtained by asking respondents to assess to what extent each reported happiness and unhappiness component was present in their life, and by inviting them to provide a global judgment about their happiness and unhappiness. Results indicated that participants did not conceptualize happiness and unhappiness as perfect antonyms. Indeed, both investigated concepts encompassed a similar set of semantic components; however, the perceived salience of some of them - assessed in terms of frequency of citation and average ranking - significantly varied between happiness and unhappiness. With regard to the measurement of overall happiness and unhappiness, on average, respondents considered themselves as moderately happy and only slightly unhappy. However, a judgmental asymmetry was found when comparing global and specific evaluations of unhappiness. Theoretical and empirical implications of the study are discussed
Memoria e trauma
No full textIl seminario ha presentato una rassegna critica delle principali teorie e ricerche che hanno analizzato l’impatto degli eventi traumatici sulla memoria, prestando un'attenzione particolare al dibattito sull’attendibilità dei ricordi autobiografici riguardanti abusi sessuali accaduti nel periodo dell’infanzia
Otto studiosi della memoria alle prese con lo studio della propria memoria autobiografica
No full textIl presente contributo intende offrire una valutazione critica delle ricerche condotte da otto eminenti studiosi della memoria che hanno indagato empiricamente il funzionamento della propria memoria autobiografica: Francis Galton (1822-1911), Madorah Smith (1887-1965), Alan Baddeley (1934-), Richard White (1935-), Marigold Linton (1936-), Willem Wagenaar (1941-2011), Steen Larsen (1944-1999) e Dorthe Berntsen (1962-). Considerati nel loro insieme, questi otto studiosi hanno valutato la capacità di ricordare il proprio passato personale servendosi di un’ampia gamma di procedure: dai compiti di rievocazione guidata da stimoli verbali, comunemente usati negli studi di laboratorio sulla memoria autobiografica, ai compiti di rievocazione libera e i diari di episodi personali, che sono invece metodologie più tipiche della tradizione di ricerca sul campo. Nel corso della presentazione congressuale verrà sottolineato come il rigore e l’estensione temporale delle indagini al centro del presente lavoro abbiano permesso di acquisire delle conoscenze rilevanti, e probabilmente uniche, su alcuni dei principali argomenti che animano il dibattito contemporaneo sulla memoria autobiografica. Tra questi figurano l’oblio, l’accuratezza e la fenomenologia dei ricordi personali, l’organizzazione della memoria autobiografica e i suoi contenuti. Verranno discussi infine i limiti, i punti di forza e le prospettive future delle ricerche che si basano su un’auto-analisi della memoria autobiografica
Gender Differences and Similarities in Autobiographical Memory for Eudaimonic Happy Events
No full textThis study investigates the gender differences and similarities in autobiographical memory for eudaimonic happy events. One hundred and eighty-six adults were asked to write personal narratives of meaningful life experiences that enabled them to develop their best potentials. They also completed questionnaires assessing the memory features of reported experiences, the centrality of such experiences for the individual’s identity, and the participants’ well-being. The analysis of narratives revealed that, overall, male and female participants reported eudaimonic experiences which were quite similar in content. Multivariate analyses were also conducted to assess the impact of gender on narrative and questionnaire measures of memory characteristics. Results showed that gender did not have a significant effect on any of the assessed memory characteristics; that is, there were substantial similarities in how male and female participants narrated and assessed their recollections. Findings are interpreted taking into account the current psychology literature on gender differences and similarities
Psychology of emotion: Interpersonal, experiential, and cognitive approaches / Paula Marie Niedenthal, Silvia Krauth-Gruber, François Ric
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