1,720,991 research outputs found
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC): Design Requirements & Challenges
No full textWith hindsight, the role of a currency is to facilitate trade. Every sovereign nation manages its currency through a public institution called central bank - solely responsible for supply of currency. Central banks exert their responsibilities as a response to the global and local economic conditions. There is empirical evidence of central banks failing to stop the rout of their respective currencies; thus, losing the trust of their citizens. Central banks act as a custodian of trust. Given the politico-legal framework under which the central banks exist and operate, there exists a room for policy-making that affects financial worth of an individual and in turn of a nation - thus highlighting the role of transparency in the discretionary powers of a central bank. In the recent past, the technological innovations from information technology have helped central banks to introduce digital currency; thus, cutting costs in management of currency and bringing speed in its movement. This technological evolution also brought in privacy concerns while checking the double-spend problem. Blockchain based cryptocurrency has addressed the double-spend problem in digital currency but introduced itself as a global open currency where role of central bank is done by an algorithm.In the long and eventful evolution of currency we have come to a stage where one needs to reconsider the key decisions from the past that influenced the evolution of currency. In this paper, we discuss the key requirements in designing a CBDC and the challenges/limitations it faces.No Full Tex
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Essays on industry linkages and foreign direct investment : evidence from Nigeria
Full text linkThis thesis is based on an econometric investigation of the relationship between industrylinkages and Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria. Unique data obtained from a survey ofNigerian firms conducted by the World Bank Enterprise Survey Department was employedfor the estimations based on manufacturing and service firms. This study also constructed aninput-output table to measure both horizontal and vertical linkages. This study is divided intofour parts. Firstly, the study investigated spill-over effects from FDI to domestic firms throughhorizontal and vertical linkages using the augmented Cobb-Douglas models as well as theOrdinary Least Square and Fixed Effect techniques. The results of the estimation showevidence of the positive effects of foreign presence on domestic firms and the presence oflarge technology gaps. Also, the results indicate that there is a productivity spill-over in bothhorizontal and vertical linkages. Firms with technology level below its foreign competitorstend to benefit from the technology brought by FDI. Secondly, the study investigates Nigerian innovative outcomes of domestic firms’performance by using the Crepon Duget Mairesse model coupled with augmented Cobb-Douglas function. The result showed that firm-level innovation activity in Nigeria appears tobe high and even larger than in similar countries around the region, but the extent ofinnovativeness is low and incremental. This suggests that in contrast with OECD countries,some of the innovations implemented are so minor, or are based on imitation, to the extentthat they do not have a significant impact on productivity (survival innovation). Thirdly, the study theoretically and empirically investigates the impact of Export-platformFDI on backward linkages; by doing this, a three-country model is developed and tested. Theresults from the various hypotheses tested indicate that there is a significant relationshipbetween FDI and backward linkages in Nigeria; and the role of the trade agreement, localcontent requirement and market size is very critical for spill-overs and productivity. Lastly, the study also looks at how FDI loosens the financial constraints of domestic firmsthrough the use of the Euler framework, and the consideration of the industry linkages. Theresults show that private domestic firms do have financing constraints and the flow of inwardFDI alleviates the financing constraints by signalling. This study provides new evidence onthe relationship between industry linkages and FDI in Nigeria
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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