1,720,971 research outputs found
Role of Human Milk Microbiota in Infant Neurodevelopment: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
No full textBackground: Human milk (HM) is recognized as an ideal source of nutrition for newborns; as a result, its multiple bioactive molecules can support the growth of healthy newborns and reduce the risk of mortality and diseases such as asthma, respiratory infections, diabetes (type 1 and 2), and gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Furthermore, it can reduce the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. Moreover, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) present in breast milk show an immunomodulatory, prebiotic, and neurodevelopmental effect that supports the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Material and methods: This study examined the state-of-the-art research, using keywords such as “breastfeeding”, “human milk oligosaccharides”, “microbiota–gut–brain axis”, “infants”, and “malnutrition”. The literature review was conducted by selecting articles between 2013 and 2024, as the most recent ones. The databases used were Web Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Results: We found multiple studies examining the composition of HM and infant formula (IF). However, further longitudinal studies and randomized control trials (RCTs) are needed to better understand the clinical outcomes that bioactive components exert on healthy and hospitalized children and how, in conditions of malnutrition, it is necessary to support the growth of the newborn. Conclusions: In this review, we affirm the importance of human milk and, through it, the modulation of the microbiota and the neuroprotective role in newborns, determining the health of the following years of life
Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Their Pivotal Role in Gut–Brain Axis Modulation and Neurologic Development: A Narrative Review to Decipher the Multifaceted Interplay
No full textBackground: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are unique bioactive components in human milk, are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in infant health. A deeper understanding of the nexus between HMOs and the gut–brain axis can revolutionize neonatal nutrition and neurodevelopmental strategies. Methods: We performed a narrative review using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar to source relevant articles. The focus was on studies detailing the influence of HMOs on the gut and brain systems, especially in neonates. Articles were subsequently synthesized based on their exploration into the effects and mechanisms of HMOs on these interconnected systems. Results: HMOs significantly influence the neonatal gut–brain axis. Specific concentrations of HMO, measured 1 and 6 months after birth, would seem to agree with this hypothesis. HMOs are shown to influence gut microbiota composition and enhance neurotransmitter production, which are crucial for brain development. For instance, 2′-fucosyllactose has been demonstrated to support cognitive development by fostering beneficial gut bacteria that produce essential short-chain fatty acids. Conclusions: HMOs serve as crucial modulators of the neonatal gut–brain axis, underscoring their importance in infant nutrition and neurodevelopment. Their dual role in shaping the infant gut while influencing brain function presents them as potential game-changers in neonatal health strategies
Molecular Dynamics as a Precision Therapy: A Perspective on Epileptic Encephalopathies
No full textNo abstract availabl
Efficacy of the anti-seizure medications in acute symptomatic neonatal seizures caused by stroke. A systematic review
No full textBACKGROUND AND AIM: Neonatal stroke is the second cause of acute symptomatic neonatal seizures after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The aim of this systematic review is to determine which drug among those available represents the best therapeutic choice for treatment of secondary seizures due to neonatal stroke. METHODS: We performed a systematic review searching on PubMed the keywords “Neonatal”, “Stroke”, “Seizures” and “Treatment”. Search was limited only to English language with no time limit. Last literature search was done on May 30, 2022. RESULTS: We selected 5 articles involving a total of 52 full-term neonates. In 96.1% the first line treatment was phenobarbital and in 3.9% was used phenobarbital associated with midazolam from the seizure onset but in all of these cases it was necessary to introduce further medications for controlling the seizures. As second line treatment was used lidocaine (response rate of 53.3%), midazolam (response rate of 15.38%) bumetanide (response rate of 100%), and fosphenytoin (no response). As third line treatment was used lidocaine (response rate of 87.5%), Midazolam (response rate of 60%), levetiracetam and clonazepam (response rate of 100%). CONCLUSIONS: Our review shows that the use of ASMs that act throughout a gabaergic mechanism are inadequate in controlling seizures secondary to neonatal stroke in full-term newborns. Very effective seems to be lidocaine and levetiracetam with an apparent safer profile in short and long term. Bumetanide shows promising results, but they need to be confirmed by phase 3 studies. (www.actabiomedica.it
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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