402 research outputs found
Anticonvulsant drugs in immunosuppression and carcinogenesis / by Tania C. Sorrell
No full text[20] 172 [45] leavesThesis (M.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 197
Trichophyton
No full textSharon C.-A. Chen, David Ellis, Tania C. Sorrell and Wieland Meyerhttp://trove.nla.gov.au/work/15760947
Antifungal susceptibilities of non-Aspergillus filamentous fungi causing invasive infection in Australia: support for current antifungal guideline recommendations
No full textAbstract not availableCatriona L. Halliday, Sharon C.-A. Chen, Sarah E. Kidd, Sebastian van Hal, Belinda Chapman, Christopher H. Heath, Andie Lee, Karina J. Kennedy, Kathryn Daveson, Tania C. Sorrell, C. Orla Morrissey, Deborah J. Marriott, Monica A. Slavi
Identification and characterization of VNI/VNII and novel VNII/VNIV hybrids and impact of hybridization on virulence and antifungal susceptibility within the C-neoformans/C-gattii species complex
No full textPreterm infants start milk feeds by gavage tube. As they mature, sucking feeds are gradually introduced. Women who choose to breast feed their preterm infant are not always able to be in hospital with their baby and need an alternative approach to feeding. Most commonly, milk (expressed breast milk or formula) is given by bottle. Whether using bottles during establishment of breast feeds is detrimental to breast feeding success is a topic Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are pathogenic basidiomycetous yeasts and the commonest cause of fungal infection of the central nervous system. Cryptococci are typically haploid but several inter-species, inter-varietal and intra-varietal hybrids have been reported. It has a bipolar mating system with sexual reproduction occurring normally between two individuals with opposite mating types, α and a. This study set out to characterize hybrid isolates within the C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex: seven unisexual mating intra-varietal VNI/VNII (αAAα) and six novel inter-varietal VNII/VNIV (aADα). The URA5-RFLP pattern for VNII/VNIV (aADα) differs from the VNIII (αADa) hybrids. Analysis of the allelic patterns of selected genes for AD hybrids showed 79% or more heterozygosis for the studied loci except for CBS132 (VNIII), which showed 50% of heterozygosity. MALDI-TOF MS was applied to hybrids belonging to different sero/mating type allelic patterns. All hybrid isolates were identified as belonging to the same hybrid group with identification scores ranging between 2.101 to 2.634. All hybrids were virulent when tested in the Galleria mellonella (wax moth) model, except for VNII/VNIV (aADα) hybrids. VNI/VGII hybrids were the most virulent hybrids. Hybrids recovered from larvae manifested a significant increase in capsule and total cell size and produced a low proportion (5–10%) of giant cells compared with the haploid control strains. All strains expressed the major virulence factors—capsule, melanin and phospholipase B—and grew well at 37°C. The minimal inhibitory concentration of nine drugs was measured by micro-broth dilution and compared with published data on haploid strains. MICs were similar amongst hybrids and haploid parental strains. This is the first study reporting natural same sex αAAα intra-varietal VNI/VNII hybrids and aADα inter-varietal VNII/VNIV hybrids.Mojgan Aminnejad, Massimo Cogliati, Shuyao Duan, Michael Arabatzis, Kathrin Tintelnot, Elizabeth Castañeda, Marcia LazeÂra, Aristea Velegraki, David Ellis, Tania C. Sorrell, Wieland Meye
Inconsistencies within the proposed framework for stabilizing fungal nomenclature risk further confusion
No full textSarah E. Kidd, Ferry Hagen, Catriona L. Halliday, Alireza Abdolrasouli, Teun Boekhout, Pedro W. Crous, David H. Ellis, Juliet Elvy, Graeme N. Forrest, Marizeth Groenewald, Rosane C. Hahn, Jos Houbraken, Anderson M. Rodrigues, James Scott, Tania C. Sorrell, Richard C. Summerbell, Clement K. M. Tsui, Andrey Yurkov, Sharon C.-A. Che
Synthesis, antifungal, haemolytic and cytotoxic activities of a series of bis(alkylpyridinium)alkanes
No full textAvailable online 23 July 2009.A series of bis(alkylpyridinium)alkanes with a twelve carbon spacer between the positive charges was synthesised and their antifungal activity has been investigated. Compounds with 2-pentyl, 4-pentyl, 4-hexyl, 4-octyl, 4-propylbenzene, 3,4-dipentyl, 4-(5′-nonyl) and 3-methyl,4-pentyl head groups were the most potent antifungal agents with MICs in the range of 1.4–2.7 μM against reference strains of both Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans.Daniel Obando, Namfon Pantarat, Rosemary Handke, Yasuko Koda, Fred Widmer, Julianne T. Djordjevic, David H. Ellis, Tania C. Sorrell and Katrina A. Jolliffehttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/129/description#descriptio
Candidaemia in adult cancer patients: risks for fluconazole-resistant isolates and death
No full textBackground Candidaemia in cancer patients is associated with increasing fluconazole resistance. Models for predicting such isolates and their clinical impact are required. Methods Clinical, treatment and outcome data from a population-based candidaemia survey (2001–2004) were collected at 5 and 30 days after diagnosis. Speciation and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed. Results There were 138 candidaemia episodes (33% Candida albicans) in adults with haematological malignancies and 150 (51% C. albicans) in adults with solid organ malignancies. Thirty-nine isolates had fluconazole MICs of ≥64 mg/L and 40 had MICs of 16–32 mg/L (predominantly Candida glabrata and Candida krusei). By multivariate analysis, triazole therapy, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) surgery in the 30 days before candidaemia and age >65 years were predictive of fluconazole-resistant candidaemia. Thirty day crude mortality was 40% in haematology patients and 45% in oncology patients. Fluconazole-resistant isolates were associated with increased risk of mortality by univariate (P = 0.04) and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. By Cox proportional hazards modelling, the strongest predictors of mortality at onset of candidaemia were invasive ventilation, elevated creatinine, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and receipt of systemic triazoles or corticosteroids in the previous 30 days. Removal of a central venous access device (CVAD) at or within 5 days of onset was associated with decreased mortality. Conclusions Risk factors for fluconazole-resistant candidaemia in adults with cancer include fluconazole/triazole exposure and GIT surgery. ICU admission, invasive ventilation, renal impairment, age >65 years and prior exposure to corticosteroids and triazoles are risk factors for death. CVAD removal reduced mortality. These findings should be integrated into surveillance and treatment algorithms.Monica A. Slavin, Tania C. Sorrell, Deborah Marriott, Karin A. Thursky, Quoc Nguyen, David H. Ellis, C. Orla Morrissey, Sharon C.-A. Chen and on behalf of the Australian Candidemia Study, Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases.(Group, Collaboration
Edizione e commento dei Cypria
No full textMy research has as its goal the critical edition, translation into Italian, and commentary of the fragments of a lost poem, entitled Cypria, (the first one of the Troy cycle, dated around VII-VI century B.C.). My work is based on the Bernabé edition, but differs from this one both for editorial choices and for the exclusion of some fragments from the text.
Through the formulaic and linguistic analysis of the textual fragments it is possible to assess what formulaic repertory was used by the poet (at the same time traditional and innovative) and to date the poem, even if the version we possess could not be the original one but a later Attic copy.
For other fragments that lack attribution to an author or a title, it is possible to hypothesize their inclusion in the poem thanks to the indication included in the sources of the “Neoteroi” (cyclic poets), to be identified specifically with the author of Cypria. The attribution of frr. 6-7 (rather, their author is Nevius, a minor Latin poet), 12 and 16 B. to this poem is dubious. The same goes for 12 B., concerning Helen’s children, perhaps authored by a local Cypriot historian, and for 16. My analysis has underscored the characteristic nature of this poem, i.e., its “ethos,” quite different from the one of the Iliad because of the proliferation of fantastic, miraculous, and romantic scenes; the constant presence of the divine, of non-heroic episodes, and of various aspects of conviviality. Therefore the Cypria, are less linked to the heroic values expressed in the Iliad and offer the possibility of exploring and analyzing the epic in a different way and yet within the same tradition, by emphasizing some myths and/or some aspects and marginalizing others. In fact, in four fragments we may also find a local or epichoric aspect in the way they treat some myths.Oggetto della ricerca è l’edizione, la traduzione, il commento dei frammenti di un poema perduto, i Cypria (collocato all’inizio del ciclo epico troiano e databile al VII-VI sec. a.C.). Il lavoro prende come punto di riferimento l’edizione di Bernabé; tuttavia si discosta in parte da essa sia per quanto concerne alcune scelte editoriali, sia per l’inclusione di alcuni frammenti di contenuto.
Grazie all’analisi formulare e linguistica condotta sui frammenti testuali è possibile trarre delle considerazioni sia sul repertorio di formule usato dal poeta (in parte tradizionale, in parte innovativo) sia sulla datazione del poema, anche se la veste linguistica in cui è pervenuto potrebbe non essere quella originaria (ipotesi di successiva redazione attica).
L’analisi dei frammenti di contenuto ha permesso di ricostruire più in dettaglio episodi la cui presenza è attestata anche nella trama del poema esemplata da Proclo. Per altri frammenti invece, nonostante l’assenza nelle fonti del titolo o dell’autore, si può ipotizzare una loro assegnazione al poema per l’attribuzione delle vicende narrate ai poeti Neoteroi o ciclici, da identificarsi con i poeti del ciclo, in particolare con l’autore dei Cypria. È emersa inoltre la dubbia attribuzione dei frr. 6-7 B. (da attribuire a Nevio, un oscuro poeta latino); 12 B. sui figli di Elena (forse di uno storico locale cipriota); 16. L’analisi ha evidenziato la caratteristica peculiare del poema, il cui ethos si distingue nettamente da quello dell’Iliade (per la presenza di episodi di carattere romanzesco, connessi con il magico e il favoloso; per la costante presenza dell’elemento divino, di episodi poco rispondenti alle virtù eroiche o di aspetti quali la commensalità). Pertanto i Cypria, che dimostrano un’aderenza minore ai valori eroici espressi nell’Iliade, evidenziano la possibilità, all’interno di un medesima tradizione, di trattare in modo differente la materia epica, enfatizzandone alcuni miti e/o aspetti e marginalizzandone altri. È inoltre rilevabile in quattro frammenti una componente locale o epicorica nella trattazione di alcuni miti
Scedosporium prolificans osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child treated with a novel agent, hexadecylphospocholine (miltefosine), in combination with terbinafine and voriconazole: a case report
No full textAbstract not availableAlison M. Kesson, Michael C. Bellemore, Timothy J. O'Mara, David H. Ellis, and Tania C. Sorrel
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of Bis(pentylpyridinium) Compounds as Antifungal Agents
No full textA series of bis(4-pentylpyridinium) compounds with a variety of spacers between the pyridinium headgroups was synthesised and their antifungal activity has been investigated. Lengthening the alkyl spacer between the pentylpyridinium headgroups from twelve to sixteen methylene units resulted in increased antifungal activity against C. neoformans and C. albicans, but also resulted in increased hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. However, inclusion of an ortho-substituted benzene ring in the centre of the alkyl spacer resulted in reduced cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, while maintaining antifungal potency. Replacement of the alkyl and aromatic-containing spacers by more hydrophilic ethylene glycol groups resulted in a loss of antifungal activity. Some of the compounds inhibited fungal PLB1 activity, but the low correlation of this inhibition with antifungal potency indicates PLB1 inhibition is unlikely to be the predominant mode of antifungal action of this class of compounds, with preliminary studies suggesting they may act via disruption of fungal mitochondrial function.Daniel Obando, Yasuko Koda, Namfon Pantarat, Sophie Lev, Xiaoming Zuo, Johanes Bijosono Oei, Fred Widmer, Julianne T. Djordjevic, Tania C. Sorrell and Katrina A. Jolliff
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