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Hecabolus sulmatogrossensis Sormus
No full textHecabolus sulmatogrossensis Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. n. Figs 4 A, D Diagnosis. This species is morphologically similar to H. semiaridus, but it can be distinguished from the latter species by the features mentioned above (see H. semiaridus diagnosis). Description. Female. Body length 3.3 mm; fore wing length 2.4 mm; ovipositor length about 3.7 mm. Head: head width 1.4 times median length (dorsal view), 1.0 times width of mesoscutum. Transverse diameter of eye 0.8 times as long as temple. Ocelli small, arranged in equilateral triangle. POL 2.0 times Od 0.5 times OOL. Eyes glabrous, without evident emargination opposite antennal sockets. Height of malar space 0.5 times height of eye, 1.0 times basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.3 times height of eye and 1.3 times height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with a distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression small and elliptical, 0.5 times longer than wide. Occipital carina wide, complete, ventrally joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Head below eyes roundly narrowed. Antennae 17 antennomeres. Scapus 1.7 times longer than its maximum width. First flagellar segment straight, slightly widened anteriorly, 2.0 times longer than its maximum width, 0.9 times as long as second segment. Mesosoma: Length of mesosoma 2.2 times its height. Pronotum moderately long, dorsally weakly convex, with distinct submedial pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view) moderately declivous, roundly elevated above pronotum, its length (dorsal view) 0.6 times maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum shortly protruding forward, without distinct anterolateral shoulders. Notauli wide, deep and scrobiculate. Prescutellar depression shallow, long, with seven carinae, about 0.5 times as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex. Precoxal sulcus wide, deep and straight, running along 0.6 length of lower part of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth blunt, almost indistinct. Metapleural lobe large and narrow, rounded apically. Propodeum with small and blunt lateral tubercles. Wings: Fore wing 3.7 times longer than its maximum width. Pterostigma 4.0 times longer than wide. Vein r arising in the middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 2.9 times maximum width. Vein R 1 1.4 times longer than pterostigma. Vein r 0.7 times longer than maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3 RSa slightly curved anteriorly and straight in posterior half, 6.5 times longer than vein r, 2.7 times longer than vein 2 RS. Vein 2 RS 2.3 times longer than vein r and 2.3 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein m-cu interstitial to vein 2 RS. Vein (RS+M)a slightly curved. First discal cell long, 2.5 times longer than wide. Veins 1 M and m-cu slightly divergent posteriorly. Vein cu-a postfurcal to vein 1 M. Vein 1 M 2.5 times longer than vein 1 RS, 2.5 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein 1 M equal to vein cu-a length. Vein M+CU distinctly S-shaped. Subdiscal cell open distally, vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2 CU interstitial to vein 1 CU. Hind wing 5.0 times longer than wide. Vein C+Sc+R 0.2 times longer than vein Sc+R. Basal cell considerably narrow, its length 19.0 times maximum width, 0.3 times length of wing. Vein M+CU 1.5 times longer than vein 1 M. Vein m-cu unsclerotised, weakly oblique toward base of wing. Legs: Fore tibia with at least nine slender spines arranged more or less in a line. Hind coxa without basoventral tubercle, weakly protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.7 times longer than maximum width. Hind femur moderately broad, 2.9 times longer than wide. Hind tibia wide. Hind tarsus 0.9 times as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus 0.8 times as long as second-fifth segments combined. Second tarsal segment 0.4 times as long as basitarsus, 2.0 times as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus). Metasoma: Metasoma longer than head and mesosoma combined. First tergite with basal sternal plate moderately long, 0.4 times as long as first tergite; with very small dorsope. Maximum width of first tergite 4.4 times its minimum width; length 1.5 times its apical width, 0.9 times length of propodeum. Second tergite without furrows. Median length of second tergite 0.4 times basal width of second tergite, 0.9 times length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.9 times their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.9 times longer than metasoma, 3.3 times longer than mesosoma, about 1.2 times as long as body, and 1.5 times as long as fore wing. Sculpture and pubescence. Vertex and frons entirely smooth. Face slightly striate; temple and gena smooth. Sides of pronotum rugose. Mesoscutum, median lobe and scutellum entirely smooth. Mesopleuron entirely smooth, subalar groove wide, deep and scrobiculate; mesopleural sulcus shallow and scrobiculate; precoxal sulcus scrobiculate with slightly rugose microsculpture. Metapleuron entirely smooth and setose posteriorly. Propodeum strongly rugose-areolate, with a median and a lateral longitudinal carina. Hind coxa smooth dorsally, slightly striate ventrally. Hind femur smooth, sparsely setae. First metasomal tergite longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture; second metasomal tergite longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture basally, remaining area smooth; remaining metasomal tergites smooth and polished. Colour: Body brown, scape, pedicel, face and clypeus honey yellow; flagellomeres honey yellow, turning black towards apex. Fore legs brown; tarsi honey yellow to brown; hind tibia yellow on basal third; brown on basal two thirds. Fore wing hyaline, pterostigma and veins brown. Material examined. Holotype, female: Mato Grosso, Rio Caraguatá, 13.iv. 1953, F. Plaumann B.M. 1957 - 341. Distribution. The locality of the only known specimen of this species is in Mato Grosso do Sul state, midwest Brazil. Biology. Unknown. Etymology. The name of this new species refers to the state where its type specimen was collected.Published as part of Castro, Clóvis Sormus De, Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Briceño-G, Rosa & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2013, The genus Hecabolus Curtis 1834 (Braconidae: Doryctinae) in South America, with description of six new species, pp. 377-391 in Zootaxa 3664 (3) on pages 389-390, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/22140
Hecabolus julianoi Sormus
No full textHecabolus julianoi Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. n. Figs 2 A–D Diagnosis. This is the most distinctive and largest species of Hecabolus. It can be distinguished from the other described species by having the basal sternal plate of first metasomal tergite long, 0.5–0.6 times length of tergite (less than 0.4 times in the remaining species); first three metasomal tergites entirely and fifth tergite partially sculptured, following tergites smooth; and ovipositor and sheaths considerably long, 3.2 times longer than metasoma (no more than 1.9 times in other species of Hecabolus). Hecabolus julianoi shares with H. assis, H. costaricensis, H. mexicanus and H. robustus sp. nov. a broad hind femur, 2.0 times longer than wide; and with H. sulcatus the second tergite with a wide and shallow subparallel depression. Description. Female. Body length 5.2 mm; fore wing length 3.6 mm; ovipositor length 7.0 mm. Head: Head width 1.3 times median length (dorsal view), 0.8 times width of mesoscutum. Transverse diameter of eye 1.1 times as long as temple; ocelli small, arranged in equilateral triangle. POL 1.0 times Od, 0.3 times OOL. Eye glabrous, with indistinct emargination opposite antennal sockets, 1.6 times higher than broad. Height of malar space 0.5 times height of eye, 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.1 times height of eye. Malar suture absent. Hypoclypeal depression elliptical and considerably small; 2.0 times longer than wide. Occipital carina wide, complete, ventrally joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Head below eyes roundly narrowed. Antennae thickened, more than 25 antennomeres (apical flagellomeres missing). Scapus 1.5 times longer than its maximum width, setose apically. First flagellar segment straight, 3.0 times longer than apical width, 0.8 times longer than second segment. Mesosoma: Length 3.0 times its maximum height. Pronotum long, dorsally weakly convex. Mesoscutum moderately declivous anteriorly and roundly elevated above pronotum (lateral view), its length (dorsal view) 1.2 times maximum width. Notauli wide and scrobiculate. Prescutellar depression deep, with five carinae, finely rugose between carinae, 0.5 times as long as scutellum. Precoxal sulcus narrow, straight and shallow, well defined on anterior half, obscuring in a longitudinal slightly striate area near metapleuron. Metanotal tooth almost indistinct. Propodeum with small and blunt lateral tubercles. Wings: Fore wing 4.0 times longer than its maximum width. Pterostigma narrow, 4.6 times longer than wide; vein r arising before middle of pterostigma; marginal cell long, its length 4.5 times maximum width; vein R 1 1.7 times longer than pterostigma; vein r 1.3 times width of pterostigma; vein 3 RSa slightly curved anteriorly, straight in posterior half, 12.5 times longer than r, 5.0 times longer than vein 2 RS; vein 2 RS 2.5 times longer than vein r and 2.5 times longer than recurrent vein m-cu; vein m-cu antefurcal to vein 2 RS; (RS+M)a distinctly curved. First discal cell 2.7 times longer than wide; veins 1 M and m-cu parallel. Vein cu-a straight, postfurcal to vein 1 M. M+CU distinctly S-shaped posteriorly. Subdiscal cell open distally, 2 cu-a vein absent; vein 2 CU arising after middle of subdiscal cell. Hind wing 5.7 times longer than wide; first C+Sc+R 1.1 times longer than Sc+R; basal cell narrow, weakly widened in apical half, its length 13.0 times maximum width, 0.2 times length of wing; vein M+CU 0.4 times longer than 1 M; vein m-cu unsclerotised, weakly oblique toward base of wing. Legs: Fore tibia with a row of at least nine slender spines arranged more or less in a line. Hind coxa without basoventral tubercle, protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.7 times longer than maximum width. Hind femur broad, 2.0 times longer than wide. Hind tibia wide apically. Hind tarsus 1.1 times as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus 0.6 times as long as second-fifth segments combined. Second tarsal segment 0.7 times as long as basitarsus, 2.0 times as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus). Metasoma: metasoma considerably long, 1.6 times length of mesosoma and head combined. Basal sternal plate of first tergite long, 0.5 times as long as first tergite. First tergite with small dorsope, only slightly widened from base to apex. Maximum width of first tergite 1.7 times its minimum width; length 3.1 times its apical width, 2.8 times length of propodeum. Second tergite with a wide and shallow subparallel depression. Median length of second tergite 0.8 times basal width of second tergite, median length of second tergite 2.1 times length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.9 times as long as their maximum width. Ovipositor and sheaths long, 3.2 times longer than metasoma, 4.2 times longer than mesosoma, about 1.6 times longer than body, 2.7 times longer than fore wing. Sculpture and pubescence: vertex slightly striate laterally, smooth medially; frons excavated, entirely striate. Face striate-rugose, with sparse, long setae; temple smooth, gena slightly rugulose. Pronotal groove wide, deep and scrobiculate, with slightly rugose microsculpture; lateral area of pronotum slightly rugose with transversal carinae. Mesoscutal lobes entirely coriaceous. Notauli not joining, reaching the end of mesoscutum in a large longitudinally striate-rugose area. Scutellum smooth, sparsely setose. Mesopleuron porcate dorsally, smooth medially and ventrally; venter of mesopleuron smooth, slightly striate-rugose posteriorly; subalar sulcus deep and scrobiculate, wide dorsally, narrowing ventrally; mesopleural sulcus narrow, deep and scrobiculate; precoxal sulcus slightly scrobiculate on anterior half. Metapleuron rugose-areolate. Propodeum rugose-areolate, without any longitudinal carinae. Hind coxae slightly rugose dorsally, slightly costate and setose ventrally. Hind femur smooth, densely setose ventrally, sparsely setose dorsally. First three metasomal tergites longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture; fourth tergite smooth and polished; fifth tergite punctate on basal third, smooth and polished on apical two thirds; remaining tergites smooth and polished. Colour: Body dark brown to black, last four metasomal tergites brown, turning honey yellow to apex; scape and pedicel dark brown; flagellomeres brown, turning dark brown towards apex; eyes dark brown; fore and middle legs brown, mid femur dark brown; hind coxa and femur dark brown to black, trochanter and trochantellus honey yellow, tibia honey yellow on basal third, brown to dark brown on apical two thirds; tarsi light brown; wings hyaline; pterostigma dark brown; veins brown, ovipositor brown, tip of ovipositor strongly sclerotised; sheaths brown, turning black to apex. Variation. Body length 3.8–5.2 mm; fore wing length 3.0– 3.6 mm; ovipositor length 5.6 –7.0 mm; ovipositor 3.2–3.5 times longer than metasoma; acrosternite 0.5–0.6 times as long as length of first metasomal tergite. Male. Smaller than female; Body length 3.0– 3.4 mm; fore wing length 2.2–2.8 mm; basal sternal plate 0.5–0.6 times longer than length of first tergite; hind wing without pterostigma. Material examined. Holotype. Female (CNIN IB-UNAM): Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra da Canastra, Casca D’anta, 07/XII/ 2010, Malaise trap, J. Fiorelini Nunes col. Paratypes. Seven specimens, two females, five males (CNIN IB-UNAM, DCBU): two females, same data as holotype, 23 /IX/ 2010; one male, same data as holotype, 07/XII/ 2010; one male, same data as holotype, 24 /II/ 2011; three males, same data as holotype, 07/XI/ 2010. Distribution. Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil. Biology. Unknown. Etymology. We named this species in honour of our good friend and colleague Juliano “ Rhaconotus ” F. Nunes, who collected the type series. Comments. We examined four specimens from USA, which have considerable morphological variation in body sculpture and size among them. These specimens do not belong to H. sulcatus but instead they resemble in general appearance specimens of H. julianoi, with some of them being considerably larger and with longer ovipositors. Further examination of additional material will reveal whether the specimens from USA represent separate species.Published as part of Castro, Clóvis Sormus De, Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Briceño-G, Rosa & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2013, The genus Hecabolus Curtis 1834 (Braconidae: Doryctinae) in South America, with description of six new species, pp. 377-391 in Zootaxa 3664 (3) on pages 380-382, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/22140
Hecabolus semiaridus Sormus
No full textHecabolus semiaridus Sormus de Castro, Zaldívar-Riverón & Briceño-G. sp. n. Figs 4 B, C Diagnosis. Hecabolus semiaridus is morphologically similar to H. sulmatogrossensis sp. nov. These two species share smooth vertex and mesoscutal lobes; acrosternite moderately long, 0.4 times length of first metasomal tergite; second and third tergites partially sculptured; second metasomal tergite without any furrows; and hind femur moderately broad, 2.9–3.2 times longer than wide. However, H. semiaridus mainly differs from H. sulmatogrossensis sp. nov. by having the vein 2 CU of fore wing arising behind middle of subdiscal cell (2 CU interstitial to vein 1 CU in H. sulmatogrossensis sp. nov.); first discal cell of fore wing shorter, 1.6 times longer than wide (2.5 times in H. sulmatogrossensis sp. nov.); veins 1 M and m-cu of fore wing parallel (slightly divergent posteriorly in H. sulmatogrossensis sp. nov.); and a shorter ovipositor, 1.3 times longer than metasoma (1.9 times in H. sulmatogrossensis sp. nov.). Description. Female. Body length 3.5 mm; fore wing length 2.4 mm; ovipositor length 3.4 mm. Head: Head width 1.4 times median length (in dorsal view) 0.9 times width of mesoscutum. Transverse diameter of eye 1.3 times as long as temple. Ocelli small, arranged in equilateral triangle. POL 1.0 times Od 0.5 times OOL. Eyes glabrous, without emargination opposite antennal sockets, 1.3 times higher than broad. Height of malar space 0.4 times height of eye, 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.2 times height of eye. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with a distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression small and elliptical; 0.3 times longer than wide. Occipital carina wide, complete, ventrally joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Head below eyes roundly narrowed. Antennae more than 12 -segmented (apical segments missing). Scape 1.8 times longer than its maximum width. First flagellar segment straight, slightly widened anteriorly, 2.5 times longer than apical width, 0.8 times longer than second segment. Mesosoma: Length of mesosoma 2.0 times its height. Pronotum long, weakly convex dorsally. Mesoscutum (lateral view) moderately declivous, roundly elevated above pronotum, its length (dorsal view) 0.9 times maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum shortly protruding forward, without distinct anterolateral shoulders. Notauli wide and scrobiculate. Prescutellar depression shallow, with 12 longitudinal carinae, finely rugose between carinae, 0.5 times as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex. Precoxal sulcus shallow, straight, running along 0.7 length of lower part of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth almost indistinct. Metapleural lobe long and narrow, rounded apically. Propodeum with small and blunt lateral tubercles. Wings. Fore wing 5.4 times longer than its maximum width. Pterostigma 4.0 times longer than wide. Vein r arising in the middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 3.2 times maximum width. Vein R 1 1.8 times longer than pterostigma. Vein r 1.5 times maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3 RSa slightly curved anteriorly and straight in posterior half, 5.4 times longer than vein r, 4.0 times longer than vein 2 RS; vein 2 RS 1.4 times longer than vein r and 2.7 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein m-cu antefurcal to vein 2 RS. Vein (RS+M)a slightly curved. First discal cell short, 1.6 times longer than wide. Veins 1 M and m-cu slightly divergent posteriorly. Vein cu-a postfurcal to vein 1 M. Vein 1 M 1.6 times longer than vein 1 RS, about 2.0 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein M + CU distinctly S-shaped posteriorly. Subdiscal cell open distally, 2 cu-a vein absent; vein 2 CU arising behind middle of subdiscal cell. Hind wing 3.7 times longer than wide; vein C+Sc+R 0.2 times longer than vein Sc+R. Basal cell narrow, weakly widened in apical half, its length 8.7 times maximum width, 0.3 times length of wing. Vein M+CU about 0.4 times as long as vein 1 M. Vein m-cu straight. Legs. Fore tibia with a row of at least eight slender spines arranged in a line. Hind coxa without basoventral tubercle, weakly protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.4 times longer than maximum width. Hind femur moderately broad, 3.2 times longer than wide. Hind tibia wide. Hind tarsus 0.4 times as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus as long as second-fifth segments combined. Second tarsal segment 0.4 times as long as basitarsus, 1.8 times as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus). Metasoma: Metasoma longer than head and mesosoma combined. First tergite with moderately long basal sternal plate, 0.4 times as long as first tergite; with small dorsope. Maximum width of first tergite 2.0 times its minimum width; length 1.3 times its apical width, 1.3 times length of propodeum. Second metasomal tergite without any furrows. Median length of second tergite 0.4 times length of third tergite; combined length of second and third tergites 0.8 times their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.3 times longer than metasoma, 2.5 times longer than mesosoma, about 0.8 times as long as body, 1.4 times as long as fore wing. Sculpture and pubescence. Vertex smooth; frons and face rugose; face with short, sparse setae; temple and gena smooth. Pronotal groove wide, deep and scrobiculate, with slightly rugose microsculpture; lateral area of pronotum strongly rugose. Mesoscutum smooth, median lobe smooth and sparsely setose. Scutellum smooth and sparsely setose. Notauli not joining, reaching the end of mesoscutum in a large longitudinally rugose area. Mesopleuron porcate dorsally, smooth medially and ventrally; venter of mesopleuron smooth; subalar groove deep and scrobiculate, wide dorsally, becoming narrow ventrally; mesopleural sulcus deep and scrobiculate; precoxal slightly scrobiculate. Metapleuron rugose-areolate. Propodeum strongly rugose-areolate, with a lateral longitudinal and a median longitudinally irregular carinae running along the entire length of propodeum, with small and blunt lateral tubercles. Hind coxa and femur smooth. First metasomal tergite longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture; second tergite longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture medially, laterally smooth; third tergite mostly smooth, only longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture on a small basal median area; remaining tergites smooth and polished. Colour: Body brown to dark brown, scape and pedicel honey yellow; flagellomeres honey yellow, turning black to apex; eyes grey; fore and middle legs brown, fore and middle tibiae light yellow at apex, tarsi honey yellow; hind coxa black, trochanter and trochantellus honey yellow, femur black, tibia honey yellow on basal half, brown on apical half; tarsi honey yellow. Wings hyaline, with a straight white line arising at basal part of pterostigma; pterostigma and veins brown, ovipositor and sheaths brown; tip of the ovipositor strongly sclerotised. Variation. Body length at least 3.5 mm (paratype with incomplete metasoma); fore wing length 3.0 mm. Male. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype, female (UCOB): Venezuela, Lara, Cerro Saroche, Cañaote #5, 10º 11 ’ 83 ” N- 69 º 26 ’ 13 ” W, YPT, 12-15 /IV/ 2008, R. Briceño, R. Paz y A. Miklos col,. DNA voucher no. CNIN 737 (Dory 0008), GenBank accession number (barcoding locus: cytochrome oxidase I mitochondrial DNA gene) HQ 945447. Paratype. One specimen, female (UCOB): same data as holotype. Distribution. The two known specimens belonging to this species were collected at the Parque Natural Cerro Saroche, in the state of Lara, northwest Venezuela. Biology. Unknown. Other doryctine species have been recently described for this region (López-Estrada et al., 2012; De Jesús-Bonilla et al., 2012), which is mostly represented by xeric vegetation with deciduous and semideciduous shrubs (Inparques 1992). Etymology. The name of this species refers to the semiarid environment that characterises the Parque Nacional Cerro Saroche in the state of Lara, Venezuela.Published as part of Castro, Clóvis Sormus De, Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Briceño-G, Rosa & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2013, The genus Hecabolus Curtis 1834 (Braconidae: Doryctinae) in South America, with description of six new species, pp. 377-391 in Zootaxa 3664 (3) on pages 385-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/22140
Hecabolus shimborii Sormus
No full text<i>Hecabolus shimborii</i> Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. n. <p>Figs 5 A–D.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species is morphologically similar to <i>H. mexicanus.</i> However, <i>H. shimborii</i> can be distinguished from the latter species by having the mesopleuron with coriaceous sculpture (without coriaceous sculpture in <i>H. mexicanus</i>); vein 2CU of fore wing interstitial to vein 1CU (vein 2CU arising after middle of subdiscal cess in <i>H. mexicanus</i>); and vein M+CU of hind wing 1.4 times longer than vein 1M (vein M+CU as long as 1M in <i>H. mexicanus</i>).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Female. Body length 3.3 mm; fore wing length 2.1 mm; ovipositor length 2.7 mm.</p> <p> <i>Head</i>: head width 1.7 times median length (dorsal view), 1.2 times width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) weakly convex in anterior half, weakly roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 1.7 times eyes as long as temple. Ocelli small, arranged in equilateral triangle. POL 1.0 times Od, 0.3 times OOL. Ocell-ocular distance about 3.0 times diameter of lateral ocellus. Eye 1.0 times higher than broad. Height of malar space 0.6 times height of eye, 1.5 times basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.2 times height of eye and 1.2 times height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression elliptical, 0.7 times longer than wide. Occipital carina wide, complete, ventrally joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Head below eyes roundly narrowed. Antennae 18 antennomeres. Scape 1.5 times longer than maximum width. First flagellar segment straight, 3.3 times longer than apical width, as long as second segment.</p> <p> <i>Mesosoma</i>: Length 1.9 times its height. Pronotum short, with a submedial pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view), moderately declivous and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 1.0 times maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum shortly protruding forward, without distinct anterolateral shoulders. Notauli deep and scrobiculate. Prescutellar depression shallow, with eight longitudinal carinae, about 0.4 times as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex. Precoxal sulcus wide and deep, running along whole length of lower part of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth indistinct. Metanotal lobe long and narrow, rounded apically. Propodeum with small lateral blunt tubercles.</p> <p> <i>Wings</i>. Fore wing 3.6 times longer than its maximum width, pterostigma narrow, 3.6 times longer than wide. Vein r arising in the middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 2.9 times maximum width. Vein R1 1.2 times longer than pterostigma. Vein r 0.7 times as long as maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3RSa slightly curved anteriorly and straight in posterior half, 5.2 times longer than r, 2.6 times longer than 2RS. Vein 2RS 2.0 times longer than vein r and 3.3 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein m-cu antefurcal to vein 2RS. Ve i n R S +M a moderately curved. First discal cell long, 2.8 times longer than wide. Vein 1M and vein m-cu slightly divergent posteriorly. Vein 1M 1.4 times longer than vein 1RS, 2.5 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein cu-a straight, clearly postfurcal to vein 1M. Vein M+CU slightly S-shaped. Subdiscal cell open distally, vein 2cu-a absent; vein 2CU interstitial to vein 1CU. Hind wing 4.6 times longer than wide; vein C+Sc+R 0.3 times longer than vein Sc+R; basal cell extremely narrow, its length 22.3 times maximum width, 0.3 times length of wing. Vein M+CU 1.4 times longer than vein 1M.</p> <p> <i>Legs</i>: Fore tibia with at least seven spines arranged more or less in a line. Hind coxa without basoventral tubercle, weakly protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.3 times longer than maximum width. Hind femur moderately broad, 3.1 times longer than wide. Hind tibia wide. Hind tarsus 0.8 times as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus 0.9 times as long as second-fifth segments combined. Second tarsal segment 0.5 times as long as basitarsus, 2.0 times as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus).</p> <p> <i>Metasoma</i>: Metasoma longer than head and mesosoma combined. First tergite with moderately long basal sternal plate, 0.4 times as long as first tergite; with very small dorsope. Maximum width of first tergite 3.3 times its minimum width; length 0.8 times its apical width, 1.3 times length of propodeum. Second tergite without any furrows. Median length of second tergite 0.7 times basal width of second tergite, 1.2 times length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.7 times their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.5 times as long as metasoma, 2.4 times longer than mesosoma, about 0.8 times as long as body, 1.2 times as long as fore wing.</p> <p> <i>Sculpture and pubescence</i>: Vertex striate; frons strongly rugose; face striate-rugose; gena and temple smooth. Pronotal groove, wide, deep and scrobiculate; lateral area of pronotum rugose and setose, with transversal carinae. Mesoscutum coriaceous. Notauli not joining, obscured in basal half of mesoscutum by large, longitudinally striaterugose area. Scutellum slightly coriaceous. Mesopleuron porcate-finely coriaceous dorsally, smooth to finely coriaceous medially and ventrally; venter of mesopleuron slightly coriaceous; subalar groove wide, deep and scrobiculate-finely coriaceous; mesopleural sulcus deep and scrobiculate, precoxal sulcus scrobiculate, slightly rugose between carinae. Metapleuron rugose-areolate. Propodeum rugose-areolate, without defined carinae, with small and blunt lateral tubercles. Hind coxa striate-rugose dorsally, slightly rugose ventrally. Hind femur slightly coriaceous. First and second metasomal tergites longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture; third tergite with a basal, longitudinally striate semicircular area, remaining area smooth; remaining tergites smooth and polished.</p> <p> <i>Colour</i>: Body dark brown to black; face brown; mandible honey yellow; scape and pedicel honey yellow; flagellomeres honey yellow at base, turning dark brown to black at apex; ocelli yellow; eye grey; fore and middle legs dark brown, trochanter, trochantellus and tarsi honey yellow; hind coxa, femur and tibia dark brown, trochanter, trochantellus and tibia and tarsi honey yellow; wings hyaline, pterostigma and veins brown. Ovipositor and sheaths dark brown; tip of ovipositor strongly sclerotised.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Females. Body length 2.4–3.4 mm; fore wing length 2.0– 2.2 mm; ovipositor 2.2–2.7 mm; basal sternal plate 0.3–0.4 times longer than length of first tergite; hind femur 3.3–4.3 times longer than wide.</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Body length 2.6 mm; fore wing length 1.8 mm; basal sternal plate 0.4 times longer length of first tergite; hind femur 3.6 times longer than wide. Only male with hind wings broken.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype, female (IB-UNAM): Brazil: Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, 6.XII.1938, Fritz Plaumann, B.M. 1939-181. Twelve paratypes, eleven females, one male (IB-UNAM; BMNH): Brazil: one female, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, 19/X/1937, Fritz Plaumann col., B. M. 1937-656; one female, Brazil, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, 06/XII/1938, Fritz Plaumann col., B. M. 1939-181; one female, Nova Teutonia, 18/X/1956, F. Plaumann col., B. M. 1957-341; one female, Nova Teutonia, 28/XI/1940, F. Plaumann col., B. M. 1957-341; one female, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, I/1937, Fritz Plaumann col.; two females, Nova Teutonia, 19/XI/1940, F. Plaumann col., B. M. 1957-341; one female, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, XI/1935, Fritz Plaumann col.; three females, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, 12/II/1937, Fritz Plaumann col., B. M. 1937-656; one Male, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, I/1937, Fritz Plaumann col.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Nova Teutonia, state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil.</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is named in honour of our friend and colleague Eduardo Mitio Shimbori.</p>Published as part of <i>Castro, Clóvis Sormus De, Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Briceño-G, Rosa & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2013, The genus Hecabolus Curtis 1834 (Braconidae: Doryctinae) in South America, with description of six new species, pp. 377-391 in Zootaxa 3664 (3)</i> on pages 387-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/221406">http://zenodo.org/record/221406</a>
Hecabolus robustus Zaldivar-Riveron & Sormus
No full text<i>Hecabolus robustus</i> Zaldívar-Riverón & Sormus de Castro sp. n. <p>Figs 3 A–D, 4E.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Hecabolus robustus</i> is morphologically similar to <i>H. assis</i>, but it differs from this species by the features mentioned above (see <i>H. assis</i> diagnosis).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Female. Body length 3.2 mm; fore wing length 2.6 mm; ovipositor length 2.4 mm.</p> <p> <i>Head</i>: head width 1.5 times median length (dorsal view), 0.9 times width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) convex in anterior half, weakly roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 1.3 times eyes as long as temple. Ocelli small, arranged in equilateral triangle. POL 1.3 times Od, 0.3 times OOL. Ocell -ocular distance about 3.8 times diameter of lateral ocellus. Eye 1.1 times higher than broad. Height of malar space 0.4 times height of eye, 1.8 times basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.2 times height of eye and 1.1 times height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression elliptical and small, 0.9 times longer than wide. Occipital carina wide, complete, ventrally joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Head below eyes roundly narrowed. Antennae 21 antennomeres (one antenna broken, 19 antennomeres). Scape 1.6 times longer than maximum width. First flagellar segment straight, 2.5 times longer than apical width, slightly shorter than second segment.</p> <p> <i>Mesosoma</i>: Length 1.9 times its height. Pronotum short, with a submedial pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view), strongly declivous and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 0.8 times maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum protruding forward, without distinct anterolateral shoulders. Notauli deep and scrobiculate, wide anteriorly, slightly narrowing posteriorly. Prescutellar depression shallow, with six longitudinal carinae, about 0.4 times as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex. Precoxal sulcus wide and deep, running along 0.6 of lower part of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth short and blunt. Metanotal lobe long and narrow, rounded apically. Propodeum with small, lateral blunt tubercles.</p> <p> <i>Wings</i>. Fore wing 3.1 times longer than its maximum width, pterostigma slightly wide, 2.4 times longer than wide. Vein r arising on basal third of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 2.8 times maximum width. Vein R1 1.3 times longer than pterostigma. Vein r 0.7 times as long as maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3RSa slightly curved anteriorly and straight in posterior half, 6.4 times longer than r, 3.6 times longer than 2RS. Vein 2RS 1.2 times longer than vein r and 1.5 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein m-cu slightly antefurcal to vein 2RS, vein RS+Mb considerably short. Vein RS+Ma distinctly curved. Discal cell 2.0 times longer than wide. Vein 1M and vein m-cu parallel. Vein 1M 1.5 times longer than vein 1RS, 1.9 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein cu-a almost straight, clearly postfurcal to vein 1M. Vein M+CU slightly S-shaped. Subdiscal cell open distally, vein 2cu-a absent; vein 2CU arising behind middle of subdiscal cell, almost interstitial to vein 1CU. Hind wing 4.4 times longer than wide; vein C+Sc+R 1.1 times longer than vein Sc+R; basal cell narrow, widened in apical half, its length 6.3 times maximum width, 0.3 times length of wing. Vein M+CU 1.8 times longer than vein 1M.</p> <p> <i>Legs</i>: Fore tibia with at least nine spines arranged more or less in a line. Hind coxa without basoventral tubercle, weakly protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.3 times longer than maximum width. Hind femur wide, 2.3 times longer than wide. Hind tibia wide. Hind tarsus 0.8 times as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus 0.9 times as long as second-fifth segments combined. Second tarsal segment 0.5 times as long as basitarsus, 2.0 times as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus).</p> <p> <i>Metasoma</i>: metasoma slightly shorter than head and mesosoma combined. First tergite with basal sternal plate short, no more than 0.2 times as long as first tergite; with very small dorsope. Maximum width of first tergite 1.5 times its minimum width; length about the same size as apical width, 1.2 times length of propodeum. Second tergite without any furrows. Median length of second tergite 0.4 times its basal width, 1.1 times length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.8 times their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.3 times longer than metasoma, 2.0 times longer than mesosoma, about 0.7 times as long as body, 0.9 times as long as fore wing.</p> <p> <i>Sculpture and pubescence</i>: vertex smooth, frons mostly smooth, slightly striate near ocelli; face transversally striate-rugose; gena and temple smooth. Pronotal groove, wide, deep and scrobiculate; lateral area of pronotum strongly rugose and glabrous. Mesoscutum coriaceous. Notauli not joining, obscured at the middle of mesoscutum by a large longitudinally striate-rugose area. Scutellum smooth, with sparse, short setae. Mesopleuron porcate dorsally, smooth medially and ventrally; venter of mesopleuron slightly coriaceous; subalar groove wide, deep and scrobiculate, finishing after reaching precoxal sulcus; mesopleural sulcus deep and scrobiculate, precoxal sulcus slightly scrobiculate. Metapleuron rugose-areolate. Propodeum coriaceous on basal half, rugose-areolate on apical half, with a median and lateral longitudinal carinae, with small and blunt lateral tubercles. Hind coxa strongly striate-rugose dorsally, mostly smooth ventrally. Hind femur smooth and sparsely setose. First and second metasomal tergites longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture; first tergite with two parallel, longitudinal median carinae, narrowing apically; third tergite strongly and remaining ones finely acinose; third tergite with a semicircular apical, slightly visible groove.</p> <p> <i>Colour</i>: Head brown, mesosoma and metasoma dark brown to black; scape and pedicel honey yellow; flagellomeres honey yellow at base, turning dark brown to black at apex; ocelli pale yellow; eyes grey; fore and middle legs honey yellow; hind coxa and femur dark brown, trochanter, trochantellus, tibia and tarsi honey yellow; wings hyaline, pterostigma and veins brown. Ovipositor and sheaths dark brown; tip of ovipositor strongly sclerotised.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Females. Body length 3.2–4.5 mm; fore wing length 2.6–3.1 mm; ovipositor 2.4–4.1 mm; vertex slightly coriaceous to smooth; antennae 19–21-segmented; venter of mesosoma slightly coriaceous to smooth; hind femur 2.3–3.1 times longer than wide.</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Body length 3.1 mm; fore wing length 2.0 mm; hind femur 2.7 times longer than wide. Antennae 19 antennomeres. Hind wing with stigma-like enlargement.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype, female (IB-UNAM): Brazil, Mato Grosso, Río Caraguatá, 0 5. IV. 1953, F. Plaumann, B.M. 1957-341. Two paratypes, one female, one male (BMNH): one female, same data as holotype; one male, same data as holotype, 20. X. 1956.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Mato Grosso do Sul state, midwest Brazil.</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name of this species refers to its robust body structure in comparison with other species of <i>Hecabolus</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Castro, Clóvis Sormus De, Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Briceño-G, Rosa & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2013, The genus Hecabolus Curtis 1834 (Braconidae: Doryctinae) in South America, with description of six new species, pp. 377-391 in Zootaxa 3664 (3)</i> on pages 383-385, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/221406">http://zenodo.org/record/221406</a>
The genus Labania Hedqvist 1963 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Doryctinae) with description of a new species from Brazil
No full textBortoni, Marco Aurélio, Castro, Clóvis Sormus De, Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria (2015): The genus Labania Hedqvist 1963 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Doryctinae) with description of a new species from Brazil. Zootaxa 4007 (4): 592-595, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.1
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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