1,721,001 research outputs found
The Role of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gamma in Cancer
Full text linkMembers of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPs) family are associated with growth regulation and cancer development. Acting as natural counterpart of tyrosine kinases (TKs), mainly involved in crucial signaling pathways such as regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, they represent key parts of complex physiological homeostatic mechanisms. Protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPRG) is classified as a R5 of the receptor type (RPTPs) subfamily and is broadly expressed in various isoforms in different tissues. PTPRG is considered a tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) mapped on chromosome 3p14-21, a region frequently subject to loss of heterozygosity in various tumors. However, reported mechanisms of PTPRG downregulation include missense mutations, ncRNA gene regulation and epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation of CpG sites on promoter region causing loss of function of the gene product. Inactive forms or total loss of PTPRG protein have been described in sporadic and Lynch syndrome colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ovarian, breast, and lung cancers, gastric cancer or diseases affecting the hematopoietic compartment as Lymphoma and Leukemia. Noteworthy, in Central Nervous System (CNS) PTPRZ/PTPRG appears to be crucial in maintaining glioblastoma cell-related neuronal stemness, carving out a pathological functional role also in this tissue. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the role of PTPRG in various human cancers
Combining standardized and new CFTR functional tests for diagnosis
No full textIntroduction: CFTR function measurement in vivo is an actual field of interest for detecting the effects of CFTR genetic variants/rare mutations as well as of drugs targeting the basic defect. A quantitative assay for measur-ing CFTR function in murine and human primary intestinal crypt-based tis-sues was reported (Dekkers JF, et al. Nat Med. 2013;19:939-45); intestinal organoids can be developed after intestinal current measurements (ICM).CFTR functional assays in leukocytes have been previously shown to be capable of clearly discriminating CF and non-CF subjects (Sorio C, et al. PLoS One. 2011;6:e22212). JJ Wine, et al. (PLoS One. 2013;8:e77114) distinguished CF, non-CF and carriers by a ratiometric beta adrenergic/cholinergic sweat test.Methods and Results: European CF Society intestinal current mea-surements (ICM) and nasal potential difference (NPD) standardized oper-ating procedure (SOP) are applied at the CF Centre of Verona for research and diagnosis of atypical cases. We tested an individualized combination of standardized and new CFTR functional bioassays in a patient referred at our center for evaluation after several episodes of acute pancreatitis; CFTR genotype following sequencing analysis was G542X +/- IVS8 T7/T9, borderline sweat [Cl-]values of 41- 45 mEq/L were found by the Gibson and Cooke method. Lung function and sputum cultures were normal; azo-ospermia was excluded. Recent nasal surgery for deviated nasal septum and ensuing scars in both nostrils did not allow NPD measurements. ICM were measured in 4 biopsies with tracings resembling those obtained from non-CF subjects consistent with previously published normal range (Derichs N, et al. Thorax. 2010;65:594-9).CFTR activity by forskolin induced assay (Dekkers, et al.) was consis-tent with that of non-CF organoids; the pre-swollen lumen suggested a non-CF phenotype. CFTR function was tested by the membrane depolarization assay in monocytes. We defined the CF index as outcome of this assay, which was positive in all healthy subjects and negative in all CF patients: in this case the CF index was positive (CF index = +44). The above cited rati-ometric beta adrenergic/cholinergic sweat test provided results overlapping with those of carriers.Conclusions: This study combines relatively simple and robust assays in several tissues and proposes an example of possible individualized appli-cation as support for diagnosis. Missing the possibility to apply standard-ized NPD in this subject, all data were concordant in excluding CF diagno-sis. Such a combination of functional approaches can be valuable for testing drugs targeting the basic defect
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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