1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
한국인 장내유래 세균을 대상으로 한 Clostridium difficile의 저해 효과 연구
Get PDF학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 보건대학원 : 환경보건학과 환경보건학 전공, 2016. 8. 고광표.Clostridium difficile 감염 (이하 CDIClostridium difficile infection)은 대표적인 원내감염의 하나로써, 항생제 사용으로 인한 장내 정상 세균총의 불균형과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 어떤 종의 세균이 그러한 역할을 하는지, 혹은 어떠한 기전으로 CDI에 대한 저항성이 발현되는지에 대해서는 아직까지 연구되어야 할 부분이 많다. 밝혀진 바에 의하면 세균에 의한 대사물질이 CDI 저항성을 매개하는 사례들이 있다. Taurocholate를 비롯한 일차담즙은 C. difficile 포자의 발아를 촉진하는 역할을 하는 반면, 장내 세균의 효소에 의해 대사되어 생성되는 이차담즙은 C. difficile 균의 성장 및 포자의 발아를 저해한다. 또한 butyrate를 비롯한 단쇄지방산은 장내 염증 완화 효과를 가지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국인에게서 분리한 세균 중 담즙산의 대사하는 균과 단쇄지방산을 생성하는 균을 대상으로 C. difficile의 성장 저해 및 C. difficile의 독소로 인한 세포독성의 완화 효과가 있는지 알아보았다. 담즙을 대사하는 것으로 알려진 Clostridium scindens, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides는 중 담즙을 대사함으로 보다 강한 저해를 나타내는 것으로 추정되는 분리균주가 있었다. 단쇄지방산을 생성하는 세균의 상층액을 이용한 실험에서 세포독성의 저하는 관찰되지 않았으며, butyrate를 단독으로 사용한 실험에서도 마찬가지로 세포독성에 있어 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 본 실험의 결과를 통해 담즙의 대사 능력이 C. difficile의 저해 균주 선발에 있어서 중요한 요소임을 재확인 할 수 있었다.Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), one of the major healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), is associated strongly with the administration of antibiotics, causing alteration of intestinal microbiota. Nevertheless, mechanistic understand and key species resist colonization of C. difficile are still to be elucidated. Several studies reported that the relationship between microbial metabolites and CDI resistance. Secondary bile acids, entirely produced by microbial metabolism, were previously reported as inhibitor of germination and vegetative cell growth of C. difficile, whereas primary bile acids, particularly taurocholic acid (TA) derivatives, were commonly used as germinant to culture C. difficile in laboratory since 1974. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, have been thought to be important due to their beneficial features, such as anti-inflammatory effect. In this paper, some of Korean intestinal isolates were evaluated their inhibitory activity in vitro. First, inhibitory effects on C. difficile vegetative cell growth were determined. The neutralized bacterial supernatants were added to C. difficile culture media, and the growths were measured by optical density. For known bile acid metabolizing bacteria, bile mixture was added in bacterial culture media to assess influence of bile acid metabolizing ability to inhibitory effect. Second, the preventive effects of supernatants were assessed via cytotoxicity test. Human colon cell line Caco2 and HT-29 were challenged with the toxic-containing C. difficile culture supernatant, with the commensal bacterial supernatants. Briefly, among tested bacteria isolates, isolates of Lactobacillus shows biggest reduction of C. difficile growth without bile acid. However, these results were reversed when they cultured with bile mixture, except L. plantarum. C. scindens showed inhibitory effects, especially when they were cultured with bile acid mixture. Although differences between species and strain were existed, Bacteroides caccae isolates were not effective, but B. ovatus isolates showed effectiveness when they were cultured in bile mixture containing medium. The butyrate-producing bacteria, F. prausnitzii and R. intestinalis did not show significant growth inhibition or cytotoxicity resistance. These results imply that commensal bacteria could prevent or promote C. difficile growth, depend on their bile acid metabolizing ability.I. Introduction 1
II. Materials and Methods 3
2.1 Strains and culture conditions 3
2.2 Preparation of bacterial supernatant 5
2.3 PCR assay of baiCD 5
2.4 Vegetative cell growth inhibition 5
2.5 Cytotoxicity assay 6
2.6 Agar spot test 6
2.7 Quantitation of SCFA 7
III. Results 8
3.1 Effects of bacterial supernatants to C. difficile growth 8
3.2 Some of isolates of B. caccae and B. ovatus shows inhibitory effect to C. difficle KCTC 5009 when assessed by agar spot assay 11
3.3 Supernatants of B. caccae, B. ovatus and C. scindens inhibit C. difficile growth when these isolates are cultured with bile mixture 14
3.4 Butyrate, or bacterial supernatant have no observational effect to attenuate cytotoxicity 20
3.5 Confirmation of baiCD gene of C. scindens 25
3.6 C. difficile vegetative cell growth with various bile acids 27
3.7 Effects of cholestyramine and heat treatment 30
IV. Discussion 33
V. Reference 38
국문 초록 44Maste
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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