1,720,986 research outputs found
Sentimentalismo etico. Storia e prospettive
No full textIl sentimentalismo morale è quella famiglia di tesi che rintraccia nelle emozioni e nei sentimenti l’elemento decisivo delle azioni e dei giudizi morali. Tradizionalmente concepito in contrapposizione al razionalismo, esso ha visto negli ultimi decenni un rinnovato interesse – motivato anche dal dialogo interdisciplinare con le scienze empiriche. Nonostante questa riscoperta, poco è stato scritto per ricostruirne le radici. Il presente volume intende colmare tale lacuna. Per farlo, da un lato, viene presentata una sistematica seppur sintetica disamina storico-filosofica delle tesi sentimentaliste, presentando e discutendo contributi spesso ignorati e inserendo quelli più noti all’interno del percorso storico-concettuale in cui hanno di fatto avuto origine; dall’altro, vengono discusse le principali tendenze del dibattito contemporaneo neo-sentimentalista in ambito filosofico e psicologico. Comprendere la storia e le prospettive del sentimentalismo è oggi fondamentale per evitare tesi semplicistiche e illuminare come agiamo e giudichiamo moralmente e come dovremmo farlo
Procedural Moral Progress: Comments on Philip Kitcher’s «Moral Progress»
No full textThe debate on the concept of moral progress has receive renewed attention in the last decade7. Within this debate, Philip Kitcher’s Moral Progress represents an insightful, though provoking, and inspiring contribution
Altruismo parrocchiale, punizione antisociale e punizione altruistica: quale contributo possono dare gli studi empirici per la comprensione dell’etica?
Full text linkIn her contribution, Morese takes into account three phenomena that are particularly interesting for understanding how human beings actually behave towards others when their group identities are involved – i.e. parochial altruism, antisocial punishment, and altruistic punishment. The aim of this commentary is to understand if and to what extent the behavioral and fMRI data reported by Morese can also inform our moral normative theories. That is, if they can inform us not only about how human beings actually behave, but also influence our understanding of how they should behave; if they tell us something about the “ought” as well as the “is”
L’etica del potenziamento artificiale
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to discuss the contemporary possibility of artificially enhancing humans through the lens of ethics. After having introduced human enhancement in general – showing what can be enhance and how it can be done (§1) –, I will focus on the complex distinction between treatment and enhancement (§2) and on the possible problems enhancements can and should face (§3). Focusing on these problems does not imply arguing against the acceptability or desirability of enhancements. I will claim, indeed, that these are crucial issues even advocates of enhancement should deal with.The aim of this paper is to discuss the contemporary possibility of artificially enhancing humans through the lens of ethics. After having introduced human enhancement in general – showing what can be enhance and how it can be done (§1) –, I will focus on the complex distinction between treatment and enhancement (§2) and on the possible problems enhancements can and should face (§3). Focusing on these problems does not imply arguing against the acceptability or desirability of enhancements. I will claim, indeed, that these are crucial issues even advocates of enhancement should deal with
The Methods of Neuroethics: Is the Neuroscience of Ethics Really a New Challenge to Moral Philosophy?
Full text linkWithin the otherwise lively debate on neuroethics, little attention has been devoted to the peculiar methodological issues and challenges it faces. My aim is to track down its methodological specificities. Firstly, I will investigate to which traditional debates neuroethics bears similarity and to what extent it actually represents a novelty in ethical thinking. While the ethics of neuroscience is akin to bioethics, the neuroscience of ethics seems akin to moral psychology. And yet they differ as far as the level of explanation of human moral behavior and reasoning is concerned. Thus, while the neuroscience of ethics and moral psychology share a family resemblance, they cannot be reduced to one another. Secondly, I will explore three different philosophical temperaments towards the role empirical findings can and should have in normative ethics and in metaethics. Prudential reasons would recommend openness to new sources of evidence without risking either reductionism nor neglect
Bodily expressions as gestalts. An argument for grounding direct perception theories
No full textThe aim of this paper is to explain what it means that bodily expressions are perceivable per se, as Direct Perception (DP) accounts seem to assume. They claim that we have direct access to the mentality of others through the perception of their expressions (§§1-2). And yet, a few issues might render DP’s grounds unsteady (§3). To avoid such risk, a more detailed account of how bodily expressions are perceivable can be of help. Our goal is not that of proposing an alternative to the current accounts of DP, but to explore an element of the latter that has been taken for granted: the perceptibility of expressions per se. Our thesis is that bodily expressions are a subset of gestalt structures. To account for this, we deal with what gestalts are (§4.1) and we investigate whether their features can be found in bodily expressions (§4.2). If bodily expressions are a subset of gestalt structures, then they are directly perceived and not inferred from their elements. We claim that conceiving bodily expressions as gestalt structures can give a steadier ground to DP’s accounts
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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