334 research outputs found
China’s agricultural plastic mulch transition is a food security imperative with global implications
No full text2D fin field-effect transistors integrated with epitaxial high-k gate oxide
No full textPrecise integration of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and high-dielectric-constant (k) gate oxides into three-dimensional (3D) vertical-architecture arrays holds promise for developing ultrascaled transistors1–5, but has proved challenging. Here we report the epitaxial synthesis of vertically aligned arrays of 2D fin-oxide heterostructures, a new class of 3D architecture in which high-mobility 2D semiconductor fin Bi2O2Se and single-crystal high-k gate oxide Bi2SeO5 are epitaxially integrated. These 2D fin-oxide epitaxial heterostructures have atomically flat interfaces and ultrathin fin thickness down to one unit cell (1.2 nm), achieving wafer-scale, site-specific and high-density growth of mono-oriented arrays. The as-fabricated 2D fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) based on Bi2O2Se/Bi2SeO5 epitaxial heterostructures exhibit high electron mobility (μ) up to 270 cm2 V−1 s−1, ultralow off-state current (IOFF) down to about 1 pA μm−1, high on/off current ratios (ION/IOFF) up to 108 and high on-state current (ION) up to 830 μA μm−1 at 400-nm channel length, which meet the low-power specifications projected by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS)6. The 2D fin-oxide epitaxial heterostructures open up new avenues for the further extension of Moore’s law. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.11Nsciescopu
“[She] said : ‘take the test’ and I took the test”. Relational work as a framework to approach directiveness in prenatal screening of Chinese clients in Hong Kong
Full text linkIn this paper we apply the framework of relational work, or the work individuals invest in maintaining their relationships (Locher and Watts 2005), to the analysis of prenatal screening (PS) for Down Syndrome of Chinese clients in Hong Kong. PS has traditionally followed a nondirective principle that calls for an unbiased presentation of information and women’s autonomous decision- making regarding testing. However, in Chinese contexts, healthcare providers appear extremely directive; and women, in turn, explicitly express their expectations of being led in decision-making (Zayts et al. 2013). These observations lend support to previous politeness studies of Chinese institutional contexts wherein hierarchical communication has been described as “listening-centered, asymmetrical and differential” (Gao and Ting-Toomey 1998: 48). More recent politeness studies, however, warn against such stereotyping at a cultural level (Eelen 2001; Mills 2003, 2004; Watts 2003). In this paper, rather than using culture as an a priori explanatory variable to account for the directive stance of the healthcare providers, we argue that using the framework of relational work enables researchers to focus on how meaning is created and negotiated at the micro-level of an interaction, and to move away from “grand generalizations” about culture specific behaviors and expectations
Exploring Four Block-Printed Indic Script Mahāpratisarā Dhāraṇī (Chinese: 大隨求陀羅尼) Amulets Discovered in China
Full text linkThis article examines four block-printed Mahāpratisarā dhāraṇī amulets from late Tang to early Song China, highlighting how Sanskrit-script texts circulated in everyday religious life. Through a philological and visual analysis, it reveals a decentralised dhāraṇī culture shaped by variant bījākṣara (seed syllable) arrangements, divergent textual recensions, and diverse ritual uses—from burial and temple consecration to daily wear and cave enshrinement. Rather than static texts, these amulets reflect dynamic interactions among sacred sound, material form, and vernacular Buddhist practice, offering rare insight into non-canonical transmission and popular engagement with Indic scripture
Synthesis and moisture absorption and retention activities of a carboxymethyl and a quaternary ammonium derivative of alpha,alpha-trehalose
No full textCarboxymethyl alpha,alpha-trehalose (CMT) and a quaternary ammonium derivative of alpha,alpha-trehalose (QT) were successfully prepared, and their moisture absorption and retention activities were assessed. Results showed that both CMT and QT had better moisture absorption abilities at 43% and 81% relative humidity (RH) than alpha,alpha-trehalose. In addition, the two alpha,alpha-trehalose derivatives had better moisture retention abilities than alpha,alpha-trehalose under three humidity conditions: 81% RH, 43% RH, and under dry conditions. Therefore, carboxymethylation and quaternarization could improve the moisture absorption and retention abilities of alpha,alpha-trehalose. CMT and QT showed better moisture absorption ability and moisture retention ability than that of hyaluronan (HA), and could potentially find a use as moisture retention ingredient, for example, in cosmetics. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Carboxymethyl alpha,alpha-trehalose (CMT) and a quaternary ammonium derivative of alpha,alpha-trehalose (QT) were successfully prepared, and their moisture absorption and retention activities were assessed. Results showed that both CMT and QT had better moisture absorption abilities at 43% and 81% relative humidity (RH) than alpha,alpha-trehalose. In addition, the two alpha,alpha-trehalose derivatives had better moisture retention abilities than alpha,alpha-trehalose under three humidity conditions: 81% RH, 43% RH, and under dry conditions. Therefore, carboxymethylation and quaternarization could improve the moisture absorption and retention abilities of alpha,alpha-trehalose. CMT and QT showed better moisture absorption ability and moisture retention ability than that of hyaluronan (HA), and could potentially find a use as moisture retention ingredient, for example, in cosmetics. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Results Diversification for XML Keyword Search Based on the Semantic Category of Central Entity
No full textThe ICML 2023 Ranking Experiment: Examining Author Self-Assessment in ML/AI Peer Review
Full text linkWe conducted an experiment during the review process of the 2023 International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), asking authors with multiple submissions to rank their papers based on perceived quality. In total, we received 1,342 rankings, each from a different author, covering 2,592 submissions. In this paper, we present an empirical analysis of how author-provided rankings could be leveraged to improve peer review processes at machine learning conferences. We focus on the Isotonic Mechanism, which calibrates raw review scores using the author-provided rankings. Our analysis shows that these ranking-calibrated scores out-perform the raw review scores in estimating the ground truth “expected review scores” in terms of both squared and absolute error metrics. Furthermore, we propose several cautious, low-risk applications of the Isotonic Mechanism and author-provided rankings in peer review, including supporting senior area chairs in overseeing area chairs’ recommendations, assisting in the selection of paper awards, and guiding the recruitment of emergency reviewers
Water infrastructure in New Jersey’s CSO cities: Elevating the importance of upgrading New Jersey’s urban water systems
No full textThis report provides a review of available information on urban water infrastructure. It focuses on the 21 New Jersey municipalities that have combined sewer systems (CSS) that discharge through Combine Sewer Overflows (CSOs) in part or all of their area. The 21 municipalities are: Bayonne, Hackensack, Paterson, Camden (City of), Harrison, Perth Amboy, East Newark, Hoboken, Ridgefield Park, Elizabeth, Jersey City, Trenton, Fort Lee, Kearny, Union City, Gloucester City, Newark, Weehawken, Guttenberg, North Bergen, and West New York. The report also examines issues regarding water supply capacity and wastewater capacity for these municipalities.This original version of this report was created in May 2014
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