1,721,001 research outputs found
A MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC WASTE - FOCUSING ON KINETICS, RATE-LIMITING STEP
No full textA kinetic study for an anaerobic batch reactor was performed to evaluate quantitatively the effect of substrate characteristics on the anaerobic degradation of organic waste. The kinetic behavior of anaerobic degradation was described as a first order series reaction that is a consecutive reaction of acidogenic- and methanogenic-fermentation. DR (Determinant of Rate limiting step) that is based on balancing between the rates of the reaction steps was defined, that is the logarithmic difference between maximum acidification rate and maximum methanation rate. Anaerobic degradation characteristics, such as the kinetic and rate limiting step, could be evaluated by the value of DR. DR depended on PR (Pivotal Ratio) that is a ratio of ultimate methane yield to maximum methane production rate. PR could be obtained easily by using a first order kinetic analysis for overall anaerobic degradation, and it was considered as a useful parameter to estimate approximately the characteristics of anaerobic degradation for organic waste. This simple evaluation method for the degradation characteristics of organic waste might be used for the optimization of performance, staler operation, as well as better control and design of anaerobic digestion system
Performance of UASB reactor treating leachate from acidogenic fermenter in the two-phase anaerobic digestion of food waste
No full textThis study was conducted to investigate the performance of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating leachate from acidogenic fermenter in the two-phase anaerobic digestion of food waste. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was consistently over 96% up to the loading rates of 15.8 g COD/1d. The methane production rate increased to 5.51/1 d. Of all the COD removed, 92% was converted to methane and the remaining presumably to biomass. At loading rates over 18.7 g COD/1d, the COD removal efficiency decreased due to sludge flotation and washout in the reactor, which resulted from short HRT of less than 10.6 h. The residual propionate concentration was the highest among the volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the effluent. The specific methanogenic activity (SMA) analysis showed that the VFA-degrading activity of granule was the highest for butyrate, and the lowest for propionate. Typical granules were found to be mainly composed of microcolonies of Methanosaeta. The size distribution of sludge particles indicated that partially granulated sludge could maintain the original structure of granular sludge and continue to gain size in the UASB reactor treating leachate from acidogenic fermenter. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.This work was supported by grant
No. 95-1-13-01-01-3 from a research program of academic
and industrial cooperation of the Korea Science and
Engineering Foundation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Suppression of MEK/ERK signaling pathway enhances cisplatin-induced NF-kappaB activation by protein phosphatase 4-mediated NF-kappaB p65 Thr-dephosphorylation.
No full textImproved anaerobic biodegradation of biosolids by the addition of food waste as a co-substrate
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