1,721,082 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Renal Sensory Effect of δ-Opioid Receptor Agonist
No full text許多腎臟疾病與腎臟感覺反應不全有關，由此可知腎臟感覺功能的重要性。在電生理的研究下，有兩種位於腎盂部位的受體被發現:(a)感應腎臟內壓力變化的腎壓力性受體(renal mechanoreceptors)、(b)感應腎臟缺血及腎內化學環境改變的腎化學性受體(renal chemoreceptor)。 本論文想探討利用腎盂灌注方式給予類鴉片致效劑[D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE)，在缺血再灌流的傷害下，對於腎臟的反應有甚麼樣的作用。另外，DADLE在許多器官的實驗中(例如:肝臟、心臟)，已被證實對於缺血再灌流所造成的傷害具有保護作用。本論文也探討事先給予DADLE對腎臟遭受到缺血再灌流(4小時及24小時)的傷害，在腎臟感覺神經的反應及對體液膨脹的排泄能力是否有其保護的作用。 經過西方墨點法發現在缺血再灌流24小時後，δ-opioid receptor(DOR)的表現量有明顯的增加，但缺血再灌流4小時則未見顯著增加。若從腎盂灌注類鴉片受體致效劑，則會增加傳入性腎神經活性(afferent renal nerve activity) ;尤其在腎動脈阻塞(renal artery occlusion)的大鼠中，增加得更明顯，且具有一濃度依存性。利用將腎盂壓力提高至60、80mmHg，發現到在有無致效劑的存在下，腎臟感覺神經的反應並沒有太大的變化。 在體液擴張的實驗中，在DADLE前處理後，對於缺血再灌流4小時的腎臟排泄功能有顯著改善的現象。在腎臟感覺神經的功能方面， DADLE 前處理後，在缺血再灌流4小時及24小時後，刺激腎壓力性受體，對於腎感覺神經的活性有顯著的增加，且在選擇性δ類鴉片受體拮抗劑前處理下，會顯著抑制腎感覺神經的活性，而刺激化學性受體，反應則無明顯變化。因此可以確認DADLE所產生的腎臟保護作用，確實是經由活化δ類鴉片受體而來。 本實驗發現δ型類鴉片受體致效劑DADLE，對於腎臟的感覺功能確實存在一保護作用。然而，對於其所調控的機轉，及其他腎功能相關證據，均有待進一步的研究。目次-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I寫表-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VI文摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VII文摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VIII次-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------X次-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------XI、文獻回顧、腎功能的神經調控 1-1、前言----------------------------------------------------------------------------------01 1-2、腎神經的分布----------------------------------------------------------------------02 1-2-1、外源的神經分布------------------------------------------------------------02 1-2-2、內在的神經分布------------------------------------------------------------03 (A)、傳出性的神經分布---------------------------------------------------------03 (B)、傳入性的神經分布---------------------------------------------------------04 1-3、腎臟腎臟反射----------------------------------------------------------------------05 1-3-1、腎壓力性受體-----------------------------------------------------------05 1-3-2、腎化學性受體-----------------------------------------------------------06 1-3-3、傳入性腎神經的活化--------------------------------------------------06 1-3-4、生理意義-----------------------------------------------------------------07 1-3-5、作用機制-----------------------------------------------------------------07 (A)、傳遞路徑----------------------------------------------------------------07 (B)、傳遞路徑的調節-------------------------------------------------------08 1-4、腎感覺神經與腎病變-------------------------------------------------------------09 1-4-1、腎感覺神經在體液不平衡中的變化--------------------------------09 1-4-2、肝硬化引起的腎衰竭--------------------------------------------------09 1-4-3、缺血性腎衰竭-----------------------------------------------------------10 1-4-4、單側輸尿管阻塞--------------------------------------------------------10、類鴉片 2-1、前言----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 2-2、類鴉片受體-------------------------------------------------------------------------11 2-3、內生性類鴉片胜肽----------------------------------------------------------------12 2-4、類鴉片受體的訊息傳遞----------------------------------------------------------13 2-5、類鴉片的作用----------------------------------------------------------------------13 2-5-1、對中樞的作用-----------------------------------------------------------13 2-5-2、對周邊的作用-----------------------------------------------------------14 (A)、周邊止痛(peripheral analgesia)-------------------------------------14 (B)、免疫系統的調控------------------------------------------------------14 (C)、呼吸道(airway)的調控-----------------------------------------------14 (D)、腸胃道(gastrointestinal tract)的調控-------------------------------15 2-6、類鴉片與腎功能--------------------------------------------------------------------15 2-6-1、類鴉片作用在周邊影響腎功能的情形------------------------------16 2-6-2、類鴉片作用在腎臟影響腎功能的情形------------------------------16 2-6-3、類鴉片作用在中樞影響腎功能的情形------------------------------16 2-6-4、作用機制------------------------------------------------------------------17 2-6-4-1、μ型類鴉片的抗利尿機制---------------------------------------17 2-6-4-2、ĸ型類鴉片的利尿機制------------------------------------------17、類鴉片的保護作用 3-1、起源-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 3-2、冬眠與類鴉片-------------------------------------------------------------------------18 3-3、[D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-Enkephalin ( DADLE )的保護作用-------------------------19 3-3-1、中樞神經系統的保護作用---------------------------------------------19 3-3-2、肝臟的保護作用---------------------------------------------------------20 3-3-3、心臟的保護作用---------------------------------------------------------20、研究目的-----------------------------------------------------------------------------22、研究材料及方法1、實驗動物之準備 1-1、實驗動物的飼養------------------------------------------------------------------------23 1-2、誘發缺血性腎衰竭 -------------------------------------------------------------------232、西方墨漬分析 (Western blotting analysis)之方法---------------------------233、一般手術------------------------------------------------------------------------------------254、傳入腎神經活性（ARNA）的研究 4-1、手術及記錄方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------25 4-2、刺激腎壓力性受體對ARNA之反應------------------------------------------------26 4-3、 興奮δ型類鴉片受體致效劑對大鼠ARNA的影響-----------------------------26 4-4、興奮δ型類鴉片受體對刺激腎壓力性受體的影響--------------------------------265、類鴉片對腎臟的保護功能 5-1、給藥的方式------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 5-2、類鴉片受體致效劑前處理對急性體液擴張試驗---------------------------------27 5-3、選擇性類鴉片受體致效劑及拮抗劑前處理對腎感覺受體的影響------------28 5-3-1、對腎壓力性受體的影響--------------------------------------------------28 5-3-2、對腎化學性受體的影響--------------------------------------------------286、腎盂內物質P釋放量之研究 6-1、腎盂流出物的檢體收集-----------------------------------------------------------------28 6-2、檢體中SP含量的測定-------------------------------------------------------------------29 、結果1、腎盂內DOR 蛋白----西方墨漬分析(western blotting analysis)---------302、類鴉片對傳入性腎神經(ARNA)活性之影響 2-1、類鴉片受體致效劑對ARNA之影響-------------------------------------------------30 2-2、興奮δ型類鴉片受體對腎壓力性刺激的反應--------------------------------------313、δ型類鴉片受體致效劑對腎臟的保護作用 3-1、類鴉片受體致效劑前處理對急性體液擴張試驗-----------------------------------31 3-2、選擇性δ類鴉片受體致效劑及拮抗劑前處理對腎感覺反應的影響-----------31 3-2-1、刺激腎壓力性受體----------------------------------------------------------31 3-2-2、刺激腎化學性受體----------------------------------------------------------324、選擇性δ類鴉片受體致效劑對腎臟的保護作用與腎盂內物質P 釋放之相關----------------------------------------------------------------------------------33、討論1、內在鴉片系統與腎臟感覺功能------------------------------------------------------342、腎盂內之類鴉片受體--------------------------------------------------------------------353、δ型類鴉片致效劑對ARNA的影響-----------------------------------------------354、腎動脈阻塞(RAO)處理下，ARNA的變化-------------------------------------365、腎動脈阻塞(RAO)處理下，類鴉片受體的改變------------------------------366、類鴉片受體的保護作用----------------------------------------------------------------37 6-1、類鴉片受體致效劑對心臟、肝臟的保護作用與機轉------------------------------37 6-2、類鴉片受體致效劑對神經系統的保護作用------------------------------------------37 6-3、類鴉片受體致效劑對腎臟的保護作用------------------------------------------------387、未來方向-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39、結論-----------------------------------------------------------40 、參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
