267 research outputs found
The future of death in America
No full textPopulation mortality forecasts are widely used for allocating public health expenditures, setting research priorities, and evaluating the viability of public pensions, private pensions, and health care financing systems. Although we know a great deal about patterns in and causes of mortality, most forecasts are still based on simple linear extrapolations that ignore covariates and other prior information. We adapt a Bayesian hierarchical forecasting model capable of including more known health and demographic information than has previously been possible. This leads to the first age- and sex-specific forecasts of American mortality that simultaneously incorporate, in a formal statistical model, the effects of the recent rapid increase in obesity, the steady decline in tobacco consumption, and the well known patterns of smooth mortality age profiles and time trends. Formally including new information in forecasts can matter a great deal. For example, we estimate an increase in male life expectancy at birth from 76.2 years in 2010 to 79.9 years in 2030, which is 1.8 years greater than the U.S. Social Security Administration projection and 1.5 years more than U.S. Census projection. For females, we estimate more modest gains in life expectancy at birth over the next twenty years from 80.5 years to 81.9 years, which is virtually identical to the Social Security Administration projection and 2.0 years less than U.S. Census projections. We show that these patterns are also likely to greatly affect the aging American population structure. We offer an easy-to-use approach so that researchers can include other sources of information and potentially improve on our forecasts too.age dependency, forecasting, mortality, obesity, smoking
Errors in data input in meta-analysis on association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults
No full textTo the Editor I write on behalf of my co-authors to report errors in our article, “Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,” that was published online on June 26, 2017, and in the August issue of JAMA Pediatrics
Erratum for “Protective role of allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) on cell surface glycoconjugate moieties in 7,12- dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced oral carcinogenesis”
No full textJin et al Trop J Pharm Res 2017, 16(8): 1797-1804 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v16i8.7The name and address of the second author, Samir Qiblawi, were inadvertently omitted in earlier published article.Citation: Dhanarasu S, Qiblawi S. Protective role of allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) on cell surface glycoconjugate moieties in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced oral carcinogenesis. Trop J Pharm Res 2017; 16(8):1797-1804 Erratum: 2017; 16(9):2055 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v16i9.
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Association of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children With Preterm Birth and Infant Mortality
No full textImportance: Nearly 4 in 10 expectant mothers in the United States received Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) benefits during pregnancy between 2011 and 2017. Despite public support for the program, empirical evidence of the success of the program varies substantially. Objective: To assess the association of WIC program participation during pregnancy by low-income expectant mothers covered by Medicaid with infant mortality by gestational age at birth and by maternal race/ethnicity in comparison with their counterparts who did not receive WIC benefits. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study obtained data from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017, from US live birth certificates. Data were from 11 148 261 expectant mothers who delivered live births in states that have implemented the 2003 revision of the US live birth certificate and whose insurance coverage and receipt of WIC benefits were recorded on the birth certificates. Data analysis was performed from June 2019 to October 2019. Exposures: Receipt of WIC benefits during pregnancy. Main Outcomes and Measures: The first outcome was gestational age at birth: extremely preterm (<28 weeks), very preterm (28-32 weeks), moderate-to-late preterm (32-37 weeks), and normal term (≥37 weeks) births. The second outcome was death within the first year of life. Results: Among the 11 148 261 expectant mothers who delivered live births between 2011 and 2017 and were covered by Medicaid during pregnancy, the modal age at delivery was 20 to 24 years, the predominant race/ethnicity was non-Hispanic white (4 257 790 [38.2%]), and 8 145 770 (73.1%) received WIC benefits during pregnancy. The proportion of expectant mothers covered by Medicaid who also received WIC benefits decreased from 2011 to 2017 (79.3% to 67.9%; P < .001). The odds of preterm birth compared with normal term birth were lower among expectant mothers covered by Medicaid who received WIC benefits during pregnancy compared with their counterparts who did not receive WIC benefits during pregnancy (adjusted proportional odds ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.86-0.87). The odds of mortality within 1 year of birth were lower for infants whose mothers were covered by Medicaid and received WIC benefits during pregnancy compared with those who did not receive WIC benefits during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.83-0.86). Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that receipt of WIC benefits among expectant mothers with Medicaid coverage was associated with lower risk of preterm birth and infant mortality
Detecção de defeitos em rolamentos atraves do processamento e analise de sinais de vibrações
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro TecnologicoOs métodos de avaliação das condições de operação de máquinas através de monitoramento de vibrações tem desempenhado um importante papel na melhoria do desempenho e disponibilidade do equipamento, além de reduzir os custos de manutenção. Os rolamentos são elementos indispensáveis na maioria das máquinas. Além disso, nos métodos de manutenção convencionais é grande o desperdício de elementos que são substituídos estando ainda em bom estado, porquanto os rolamentos têm uma expectativa de vida tão dispersa que o intervalo entre manutenções deve ser menor que sua vida média, afim de evitar ou diminuir a possibilidade de falha catastrófica. Pelas razões acima, tem sido relatado que os maiores benefícios da instalação de sistema de monitoramento são conseguidos quando aplicados a rolamentos. A Técnica da Análise Espectral e a da Curtose para o monitoramento e diagnóstico de falhas em rolamentos são as mais ostensivamente relatadas. Neste trabalho é apresentado um modelo teórico para a variação do Coeficiente de Curtose com a rotação, além de um modelo simplificado para o espectro de um rolamento com defeito. Também é mostrada a determinação das expressões teóricas para a obtenção das frequências geradas pela rotação. As expressões teóricas para o Coeficente de Curtose foram comparadas com resultados experimentais. A despeito da simplicidade do modelo teórico, através dele puderam-se prever limitações na Técnica da Curtose as quais foram confirmadas pelos resultados experimentais. Dois novos parâmetros que consistem de uma modificação da Curtose foram propostos para melhorar a eficiência da Técnica da Curtose. Finalmente, foi feita uma aplicão simples da Técnica da Análise Espectral
Structural characterization of nanocrystalline cadmium sulphide powder prepared by solvent evaporation technique
No full textExperimental study of sequent depths ratio of hydraulic jump in sloped rectangular channel
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