1,721,411 research outputs found
A New Hope for All-Diamond Electrodes? The Interdigitated Double Diamond Electrode
No full textNowadays, the development of efficient water treatment processes is increasingly driven by the need to provide solutions for contaminants of emerging concern. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) based on diamond electrodes can be part of innovative removal concepts. However, expensive substrates, energy-intensive chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond, and market availability complicate matters for diamond electrodes to gain traction in the water treatment sector. In addition, it has to be stated that the mining and complex processing of necessary substrates like Si, Ti, Nb, or Ta need a significant amount of fresh water, which counteracts the need for more sustainability in the field of EAOPs. In this context, a ceramic-based boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode is presented, which addresses this dilemma. The presented concept of the so-called interdigitated double diamond electrode (iDDE) consumes 14–46% less energy in batch-mode experiments to degrade an organic model molecule compared to standard BDD technology in a poorly conductive electrolyte (κ < 350 µS/cm). Laser-induced micro-structuring of the BDD layer reduces the interelectrode spacing (IES) of the iDDE to below 50 µm. The structuring approach at the micrometer scale enables the treatment of electrically low-conductivity electrolytes more energy efficiently, while reducing the need for a supporting electrolyte or a proton exchange membrane. Degradation experiments and Raman measurements reveal different properties of an iDDE compared to standard BDD technology. The iDDE concept highlights the need to understand the significance of non-uniform current density distributions on the general electrochemical activity of BDD electrodes.This study was financed by the Bayerische Forschungsstiftung (BFS, München, Germany) as part of the project Diamant-Keramik-Wasser (DiaKerWa). Funding number: AZ-1526-21.Bayerische Forschungsstiftun
Novel Metal Electrodeposition and the Recent Application
No full textGold and noble metals have been attractive to humans from ancient times because of their beautiful features. In modern society, noble metals, especially gold, play important roles as components in electronic devices because of their high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and density. In the field of MEMS devices, the demand for continuous miniaturization and sensitivity enhancement is always high. Especially for MEMS accelerometers, sensitivity is affected by Brownian noise, and components with sufficient mass are needed to suppress this noise. Therefore, it is difficult to reduce the dimensions of components to allow further miniaturization of the device. This book presents recent progress in noble metal electrodeposition and applications of gold-based materials in the realization of highly sensitive CMOS-MEMS accelerometers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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