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Supplemental material for Urban scaling and the geographic concentration of inequalities by city size
No full textSupplemental material for Urban scaling and the geographic concentration of inequalities by city size by Somwrita Sarkar in Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science</p
Open access policy analysis and visualisation
Get PDFUrbanLab @Sydney was awarded $30,876 by the Henry Halloran Trust in 2014, with the aim of establishing the beginnings of an open access data system that would enable analysis and visualization of headline indicators for the Australian housing market and policy space. The Blue Sky UrbanLab @Sydney project has provided the opportunity to kick start and provide momentum for a long term machine learning and big data led information visualization research and dissemination programme around housing and larger urban planning issues for Sydney and New South Wales. It was envisioned as one of the first efforts of its kind in any university across Australia to develop an online, publicly relevant and accessible system for data analysis, information visualization and urban informatics, including a regular commentary series on housing policy and city science research in Australia.
This summary report documents the project’s attained milestones. The various stages and achievements on data collection and analysis, research directions and progress, major research themes developed, and implementation stages are discussed. Finally, ongoing work and emerging plans for the future are presented. In summary, the visualization platform has been realized. A number of scholarly outputs were achieved. A number of new collaborations have been initiated at both academic and industry levels. The implementation of the Blue Sky project has been strengthened and provided continuity by the Henry Halloran Trust Research Incubator Fellowship awarded to the team leaders (Nicole Gurran and Somwrita Sarkar) in 2015, for 2015-17. Many of the results emerging from the Blue Sky UrbanLab @Sydney project have directly led to research and outcomes progress for the Incubator project. The outputs from the Incubator and all future projects will also be hosted on the online visualization platform that has been created as part of this Blue Sky project. 
Urban scaling and the geographic concentration of inequalities by city size
No full text Urban scaling laws summarise how socio-economic behaviours of urban systems may be predicted from city size. While most scaling analysis rests on using aggregate quantities (total incomes, GDP, etc.), examining distributions of these aggregate quantities (e.g. income distributions) could shed light on how socio-economic inequalities may correlate or be causally linked to city size. In this direction, this paper examines how geographic distributions and spatial inequalities of income and housing costs vary by city size. The paper presents three principal results. First, it brings out qualitative implications of quantitative scaling by relating scaling of the distributions of income and housing costs to their specific geographic concentrations. Second, it shows that some small and medium sized cities are clear outliers, showing behaviour similar to the largest cities and starkly different from the behaviours of the bulk of small and medium sized cities. Third, this above observation explains why heteroscedasticity, or large and heterogeneous fluctuations, are frequently observed in urban indicator data when plotted as a function of city size. Putting together these three results, overall, it is shown that income distributions and housing costs scale and concentrate in cities by size in a predictable way, where the largest cities superlinearly/disproportionately agglomerate the highest income earners and the highest housing costs, and show relatively lower concentrations of low-middle income earners and low-medium housing costs. In contrast, most of the smaller and medium sized cities show a ‘flipped’ opposite trend. A few small and medium sized cities are outliers: they show trends that match those of the largest cities, due to specialisations of economic functions or concentrations of high-paying occupations in these cities. The empirical findings lead to a discussion on the objective and normative relationships between city size and urban inequalities. It is suggested that due to the concentrations of high income and high housing costs, largest cities may have a resulting housing market structure that will push out lower and medium income earners, thereby making affordability, diversity, and socio-spatial justice emerge as important urban policy issues. </jats:p
Spectral (Re)construction of Urban Street Networks: Generative Design Using Global Information from Structure
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
SomwritaSarkar/UrbanScalingCode: UrbanScalingCode
No full textData and Code for the Paper: Evidence for localization and urbanization economies in urban scalin
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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