1,720,973 research outputs found
SD-C1BBR: SD-count-1-byte-bit randomization: A new advanced cryptographic randomization technique
No full textIn this paper, the author proposes a new combined symmetric key cryptographic method, which is based on the following steps: 1) In first step, the position number of each byte in the string (stream) of message (plain text file) is added to the ASCII value of each byte; 2) In second step, Single Bit Manipulation technique is applied to each byte; 3) In third step, Advanced Bit Randomization technique is applied to blocks of data after converting each byte to its equivalent binary format; 4) In fourth and final step, Bit Reversal technique is applied to form the encrypted message (output file). The second and third steps are totally random in nature and are depended on the password (symmetric key), which is provided for encryption method. It is evident from the steps above that the method used here is an amalgamation of both byte and bit manipulation cipher techniques. This method has been tested for many plain text files and other type of file formats, and the results were very satisfactory. There was no pattern found in the output file and spectral analysis of the frequency of characters also proves this
SD-EI: A cryptographic technique to encrypt images
No full textIn this paper, the author propose a method, SD-EI, for image encryption, which basically has two stages: 1) In first stage, each pixel of image is converted to its equivalent eight bit binary number and in that eight bit number, the number of bits, which are equal to the length of password are rotated and then reversed; 2) In second stage, extended hill cipher technique is applied by using involutory matrix, which is generated by same password used in second stage of encryption to make it more secure. The technique presented in this paper is very good for encrypting any type of images, and from the encrypted image it is very difficult to extract the real image without proper authorization and algorithm implementation. The proposed approach is implemented for different images and the results were very satisfactory. The proposed technique, SD-EI, can be implemented by any person or organization to encrypt images, which are to be kept secret, or can encrypt the images, where data (messages) are already hidden using steganography
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
SD-MARC: A New Multi-Processor Architecture
Full text linkAbstract -In modern day, HPC (High Performance Computin
A Proof of Work: Securing Majority-Attack in Blockchain Using Machine Learning and Algorithmic Game Theory
Full text linkBlockchain's vast applications in different industries have drawn several researchers to pursue extensive research in securing blockchain technologies. In recent times we could see several institutions coming together to create consortium based blockchain networks such as Hyperledger. Although for applications of blockchain such as Bitcoin, Litcoin, etc. the majority-attack might not be a great threat but for consortium based blockchain networks where we could see several institutions such as public, private, government, etc. are collaborating, the majority-attack might just prove to be a prevalent threat if collusion among these institutions takes place. This paper proposes a methodology where we can use intelligent software agents to monitor the activity of stakeholders in the blockchain networks to detect anomaly such as collusion, using supervised machine learning algorithm and algorithmic game theory and stop the majority attack from taking place
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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