28 research outputs found
Prenatal development in rural South Africa: relationship between birth weight and access to fathers and grandparents
No full textBirth weight is an indicator of prenatal development associated with health in infancy and childhood, and may be affected by the family environment experienced by the mother during pregnancy. Using data from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, we explore the importance of the mother's access to the father and grandparents of the child during pregnancy. Controlling for household socio-economic indicators and maternal characteristics, the survival and residence of the biological father with the mother are positively associated with birth weight. The type of relationship seems to matter: married women have the heaviest newborns, but co-residence with a non-marital partner is also associated with higher birth weight. Access to the maternal grandmother may also be important: women whose mothers are alive have heavier newborns, but no additional benefit is observed from residing together. Co-residence with any grandparent is not associated with birth weight after controlling for the mother's partnershi
Risks, Amenities, and Child Mortality in Rural South Africa
No full textUsing a dataset from rural South Africa, this paper examines the
effects of many established factors associated with child mortality at
different ages and introduces some less explored issues, such as cause
of death. Derived from a community census, the dataset captures many
vulnerable people who are usually excluded, like children whose mothers
have died or who are often away from home. The study revealed that the
most significant predictors of child mortality are characteristics of
the mother, especially her birth history, marital status and education.
Factors specific to the individual child, such as being a twin, are
important determinants of survival, but only during the first few
months of life. Characteristics of the household, including economic
and sanitation resources like source of drinking water and electricity,
are ambiguously related to child survival, but regional characteristics
underlie some of these relationships. The study presents some evidence
that AIDS mortality follows a different distribution from overall
mortality and may be changing the distribution of deaths among
households
Risks, Amenities, and Child Mortality in Rural South Africa
No full textUsing a dataset from rural South Africa, this paper examines the effects of many established factors associated with child mortality at different ages and introduces some less explored issues, such as cause of death. Derived from a community census, the dataset captures many vulnerable people who are usually excluded, like children whose mothers have died or who are often away from home. The study revealed that the most significant predictors of child mortality are characteristics of the mother, especially her birth history, marital status and education. Factors specific to the individual child, such as being a twin, are important determinants of survival, but only during the first few months of life. Characteristics of the household, including economic and sanitation resources like source of drinking water and electricity, are ambiguously related to child survival, but regional characteristics underlie some of these relationships. The study presents some evidence that AIDS mortality follows a different distribution from overall mortality and may be changing the distribution of deaths among households
Comptes rendus d'articles
No full textSolveig Argeseanu Cunningham, Irma T. Elo, Kobus Herbst and Victoria Hosegood : Prenatal Development in Rural South Africa : Relationship between Birth Weight and Access to Fathers and Grandparents, Population Studies, 2010, vol. 64, n° 3, pp. 229-246 Birth weight is an indicator of prenatal development associated with health in infancy and childhood, and may be affected by the family environment experienced by the mother during pregnancy. Using data from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, the auth..
Who promotes child well -being? Essays on the importance of the household for child well -being
No full textThe three essays presented in this dissertation explore the importance of household composition for child well-being using data from a demographic surveillance site in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The first essay uses indicators of children\u27s health at birth to determine whether the survival of the maternal grandmother and her presence in the household is associated with better perinatal outcomes. I find that a child whose maternal grandmother is alive throughout the gestation period is slightly larger at birth, but only if the grandmother is not resident. However, the mother\u27s partnership status, another element of household composition, is strongly associated with birth weight. The second essay further explores how the marital and non-marital relationships of the parents might affect a child\u27s chances of surviving through infancy and the first 7 years of life. I find that parental partnerships, including but not limited to marriage, are very important for child survival. Children of married mothers had half the hazard of dying faced by the children of unpartnered mothers. Furthermore, among children whose mothers were unmarried, those whose mothers were involved in regular non-marital partnerships had higher survival chances. In terms of cause-specific mortality, the children of married women were much less likely to die of any cause, including AIDS, than the children of unmarried mothers. The third essay turns to the importance of living arrangements for children\u27s education, an indicator of child health and household investment in the child. I find that children who were members of the same household as their parents completed more schooling than children whose parents were absent or deceased. If the parent is not a member of the household, it makes little difference whether he or she is deceased or absent. Grandparents and other older adults in the household do not appear to improve education outcomes, nor mitigate the loss of a parent. Furthermore, other child household members are associated with slower educational progress of school-aged children. The three essays highlight the strong associations between parental relationships, children\u27s access to mothers and fathers, and child well-being
On the basis of visa type: Insights into incorporation and health among foreign-born people in the United States
No full textForeign-born people have different patterns of health, and several psychosocial and contextual factors may contribute to these differences. Type of visa with which one resettles is an important consideration because it is linked both with the reason for initially migrating and with experiences after arriving in the U.S. This study examines the association between visa type and health in terms of self-rated health and diagnosed chronic conditions. Using the New Immigrant Survey (NIS), a nationally representative study of foreign-born people at the time of receiving legal permanent residence in the U.S., we used logistic regression models to estimate the odds of having chronic conditions and the odds of reporting fair or poor health. People who had refugee, asylum, parole and post-arrival legalization visa types had the highest prevalence of any chronic condition; they were also most likely to report being in fair or poor self-rated health, even after controlling for other characteristics. Conversely, people who had diversity visas had the highest self-rated health and the fewest chronic conditions. Overall, the type of visa a person holds is associated with health and chronic disease even years after resettlement
Sandwiches and Subversion: Teachers’ Mealtime Strategies and Preschoolers’ Agency
No full textMealtimes are understudied processes in the social research on childhood. Our study uses ethnographic methods in two preschools in the southeastern United States to understand the types of strategies teachers use during meals and children’s responses to these strategies. We identified three strategies teachers used to attempt to modify children’s consumption: gatekeeping, directives, and hyperbolic justifications of consumption. We argue that children used agency to subvert to teachers’ strategies using silent and verbal techniques, including attempting to open packages of restricted foods, pretending to eat, and refusing to eat. Their subversion manifested in either “dissent” or “feigned assent.
Health Implications of Migration: Cross-Classified Multilevel Models to Disentangle Country of Origin and State of Resettlement Effects of Bodyweight (P04-106-19)
No full textInfancia y futuro. Nuevas realidades, nuevos retos: Pau Marí-Klose, Marga Marí-Klause, Elizabeth Vaquera y Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham. Fundación “La Caixa”. Barcelona, 2010
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