1,720,997 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Bestimmung und Beeinflußung von lateralen und vertikalen Eigenschaften von Polyelektroltymultischichten
Full text linkDiese Dissertation präsentiert experimentelle Untersuchungen zu vertikalen und lateralen Strukturen von Polyelektrolytmultischichten (PEM) adsorbiert auf festen Oberflächen. Zur Herstellung von PEM werden Polykationen (Poly-(allylamin)hydrochlorid (PAH) oder Poly-(diallyldimethylammonium)chlorid, PDADMAC) und Polyanionen (Polys-(styren)sulfonat (PSS)) aus einer wässrigen Lösung auf eine hydrophile Siliziumdioxid-Oberfläche sequentiell adsorbiert. Um nicht–elektrostatische (sekundäre) Kräfte während der Adsorption zu untersuchen, wird Reichweite und Stärke der elektrostatischen Wechselwirkung durch eine definierte Konzentration monvalenten Salzes (c_ads) in den Polyelektrolyt (PE)-Lösungen eingestellt. Schichtdicke, und Homogenität der Multischichten entlang der PEM-Normalen werden mit Röntgenreflexion gemessen. Dies ist in Übereinstimmung mit veröffentlichten Daten und wird auf die elektrostatische Abschirmung, beschrieben durch die Debye-Hückel Theorie zurückgeführt. Komplementär wird Neutronenreflexion genutzt, um die Interpenetration einzelner Polyelektrolytschichten zu quantifizieren. Hierzu wird ein PEM aus zwei Blöcken unterschiedlicher Streulängendichte (SLD) hergestellt. Der SLD-Kontrast wird durch Verwendung von protonierten und deuterierten PSS realisiert. Durch Variation der Anzahl protonierter und deuterierter PE-Schichten wird die Breite der inneren Grenzflächen positionsabhängig entlang der PEM-Normalen vermessen. So ist erstmals eine eindeutige Bestimmung der Interpenetration (inneren Rauigkeit, sigma_int) benachbarter Polykat-/Polyananiondoppelschichten möglich. Die PEM-Dicke skaliert mit der Wurzel der Salzkonzentration in der Adsorptionslösung. Sowohl für PAH/PSS als auch für PDADMAC/PSS-Multischichten ist sigma_int nahe an der Film/Luft-Grenzfläche am geringsten und steigt mit zunehmendem Abstand. Für das PAH/PSS-System ist die Zunahme monoton, während beim PDADMAC/PSS-System sigma_int zunächst anwächst und sich dann eine konstante innere Rauigkeit (sigma_int, max) einstellt. Bei PADMAC/PSS steigt sigma_int,max mit zunehmendem c_ads. Erklärt wird diese Beobachtung durch eine höhere extrinsische Ladungsträgerkompensation der Polyelektrolytketten und eine verringerte elektrostatische Wechselwirkung, letzteres führt zu einer erhöhten Flexibilität der Polyelektrolytketten. Die Änderung von sigma_int wird über ein 1-dimensionales Diffusionsmodell quantifiziert. Zusätzlich wird der Polymerisationsgrad (Anzahl Monomere pro Kette) des Polykations variiert. Bei einer Vergrößerung des Polymerisationsgrades und großem c_ads nimmt die maximale innere Rauigkeit ebenfalls zu. Dies weist auf kooperative Effekte zwischen Polykat- und Polyanion hin, da nur das PSS deuteriert ist. Bei geeignetem c_ads nimmt die Dicke pro adsorbierter Polykation/Polyanion-Doppelschicht (d_Bl) zu. Während für den salzfreien Fall (c_ads = 0) die Parameter d_Bl und Polymerisationsgrad entkoppelt sind, wird die Kopplung mit steigendem c_ads immer deutlicher. Dies wird mit einer PE-Schicht erklärt, in der die PE-Ketten bei der Adsorption eine flache (c_ads = 0) bzw. geknäulte (c_ads > 0) Konformation einnehmen. In diesem Fall steigt sigma_int bei großem Polymerisationsgrad rapide nahe der PEM/Luft-Grenzfläche, d.h. die Diffusionskonstante wächst. An dieser Stelle wird die These aufgestellt, daß entropische Kräfte und Stressrelaxation die Interpenetration verursachen. sigma_int, max stellt einen metastabilen Gleichgewichtszustand dar. Da die Diffusionskonstante einer Kette invers mit der Anzahl der Segmente skaliert, erklärt Stressrelaxation warum die Diffusionskonstante mit steigendem Polymerisationsgrad zunimmt.This thesis represents experimental investigations of vertical and lateral structures of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEMs) adsorbed on solid surfaces. PEMs are prepared by sequential adsorption of dissolved polycations (poly-(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) or poly-(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC)) and polyanions (poly-(styrenesulfonate) sodium salt (PSS)). In order to investigate secondary (non-electrostatic) forces during the absorption process, a defined concentration of monovalent salt (c_ads) in the absorption solution is used to control range and strength of electrostatic interactions. PEM thickness and homogeneity are explored by x-ray reflectivity. The PEM thickness scales with the square root of c_ads. This is in agreement with other published data and can be described by the Debye-Hückel theory. To quantify the interdigitation of adjacent polycation/ polyanion layer pairs (inner roughness) neutron reflection is used as a complementary technique. Each PEM consists of a protonated and a deuterated block. The contrast in the scattering length density (SLD) is realized by deuterated PSS. The total amount of adsorbed bilayers is kept constant while the position of the interface between the protonated and deuterated block is varied systematically. This approach enables the investigation of selected inner interfaces of PEMs for the first time. For both the PAH/PSS- and the PDADMAC/PSS multilayers, the inner roughness (sigma_int) next to the air/film surface is smallest and increases with distance from the film/air interface. In detail, sigma_int grows for PAH/PSS-multilayers monotonically, while for PEMs built from PDADMAC and PSS a constant inner roughness (sigma_int, max) in the centre of the PEM is found. For the centre of PDADMA/PSS films, the width of the inner interface (sigma_int, max) increases with c_ads. This behavior is explained by a higher degree of extrinsic charge compensation and an increased electrostatic shielding. Thus a decrease of attractive polyanion/polycation interaction results, which in turn leads to an increased polyelectrolyte flexibility. The change of sigma_int is quantified with a 1-dimensional diffusion process. Furthermore an increase in the sigma_int, max is observed by increasing the degree of polymerization of PDADMAC. Due to the fact that only the polyanions give a contrast in the SLD-profile, cooperative effects take place. The thickness per adsorbed bilayer (d_Bl) scales with the degree of polymerization of PDADMAC, if c_ads is suitable. If c_ads = 0 (salt free) d_Bl is independent of degree of polymerization, while by increasing c_ads the dependency of d_Bl on the degree of polymerization gets more pronounced. This is explained by different conformations during the adsorption (flat if c_ads = 0 and more coiled if c_ads > 0). Furthermore, the diffusion constant is higher for PEMs made of PDADMAC with llarger degree of polymerization. To explain this finding it is proposed that entropy gain and stress relaxation cause the interpenetration of adjacent bilayers. In fact the polycation/polyanion bilayer in the centre of the PEM represent a metastable state where the chains are partly relaxed. Given that the diffusion constant is inversely proportional to the degree of polymerization, an increased change in the inner roughness due to longer chains has to be attributed to stress relaxation
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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