1,721,018 research outputs found
Focus Alternatives and Contextual Domain Restriction: A Visual World Eye-tracking Study on the Interpretation of `Only'
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Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13. Vol. I
No full textThis is Volume I of the proceedings of the 13th installment of the annual conference "Sinn und Bedeutung 13" at the University of Stuttgart
Methodische Zugänge zur Untersuchung akademischer Textproduktion
Full text linkWelche Methoden zur Erfassung von Schreibprozessen eignen sich zur Untersuchung von akademischer Textproduktion? Als Studierende/r wird man im Verlauf des Studiums zwangsläufig mit akademischer Textproduktion (und auch -rezeption) konfrontiert, wobei umgehend klar wird, dass der Erwerb von Schreib- und Textkompetenzen keinesweg mit Ende der schulischen Laufbahn abgeschlossen ist. Beim Übergang in den tertiären Bildungssektor werden Studierende sozusagen wieder zu Anfängerinnen und Anfängern, die das wissenschaftliche Schreiben zunächst noch erlernen müssen. Um Studierende im Sinne einer domänenspezifischen Schreibdidaktik aktiv im Schreibprozess zu unterstützen, werden empirische Befunde zur Entwicklung von wissenschaftlicher Textproduktionskompetenz benötigt. Die Textproduktionsforschung ist dabei von einer methodischen Vielfalt geprägt, wobei die methodischen Zugänge jeweils Vor- und Nachteile aufweisen.
Die Bachelorarbeit ‚Methodische Zugänge zur akademischen Textproduktion’ geht der Frage nach, welche Methode (oder welche Kombination von Methoden) eine gute Möglichkeit bietet, den akademischen Textproduktionsprozess unter Berücksichtigung des spezifischen wissenschaftlichen Kontextes zu untersuchen. Dazu werden zunächst die Besonderheiten akademischer Textproduktion unter Rückbezug gängiger Textproduktionsmodelle dargestellt. Desweiteren erfolgt ein Überblick über aktuelle Forschungsmethoden zum Schreibprozess, um abschließend eine Beurteilung vornehmen zu können, welcher methodische Zugang die Prozesshaftigkeit sowie die Besonderheiten akademischer Textproduktion und dessen Kontext ideal untersuchen kann. Auf diesem Weg werden Forschungslücken der akademischen Schreibprozessforschung identifiziert und ein methodischer Zugang zu diesen entwickelt.Which methods can be used to research the production of academic texts? During their time at university, students will most certainly get faced with the production (and reception) of academic texts. Gaining writing skills or learning how to produce academic texts does not end with high school graduation. When students enter college or university they have to learn how to write academic texts all over again. It is therefore inevitable to use empirical evidence on the development of academic text production in order to support the students to gain exactly the skills they need to. Research in text production and writing processes is characterized by highly divers methodological approaches, while each approach has its advantages and disadvantages.
The bachelor’s thesis ‚An assessment of research methods in academic text production’ deals with the question of which research method (or combination of methods) is able to analyse academic text production while considering the specific context features of the academic field. On one hand the text will illustrate the specifics of academic text production by referring to theoretical models of text production. On the other hand it will give an overview of research methods in text production in order to evaluate these methods concerning their adequacy in academic text production research. In conclusion, the thesis points to research gaps in the field of text production and develops applicable research approaches
Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13. Vol. II
No full textThis is Volume II of the proceedings of the 13th installment of the annual conference "Sinn und Bedeutung 13" at the University of Stuttgart
Towards a model of predictive processing of Implicit Causality
No full textBott O, Solstad T. Towards a model of predictive processing of Implicit Causality. Presented at the LingCologne 2023: Prediction in Language, Köln.# Towards a model of predictive processing of Implicit Causality
Implicit Causality (IC) verbs constitute a central topic in research on prediction in natural language processing. Selecting for two animate arguments, IC verbs display a strong preference for an explanation focusing on one argument:
(1) **Mary** fascinated John because … **she** was very clever. *fascinate*: subject bias
(2) Mary congratulated **John** because … **he** won the competition. *congratulate*: object bias
The predictive nature of IC is still insufficiently understood, however, as witnessed by the recurring debate on integration vs. focusing/prediction. Key questions include: **What is predicted?** A referent, a particular realization of the referent (*she/Mary*) or a type of explanation [1; 10]? Furthermore, **what triggers the prediction**: lexical semantics or world knowledge [2; 8; 10]? And finally, **what is the processing profile** of IC [3]?
Based on a formal theory of IC [1; 10], results from experimental research [3; 5; 9] and recent models of predictive processing [6; 7], we propose a comprehensive framework for the processing of IC. Crucially, we consider in detail the relation between the nature of what is predicted (the *predictee* [8]) and the properties of particular linguistic expressions such as pronouns that may be taken to (in)validate predictions. Based on previous research, we also evaluate the range of top-down and bottom-up processes: Which linguistic levels are involved and how do they interact? Our study shows that a closer investigation of the relation between predictees and (in)validators of predictions in general may contribute towards a better understanding of – and potentially more precise models of – language-based prediction.
## References
1. Bott, Oliver and Torgrim Solstad (2014): "From verbs to discourse – a novel account of implicit causality". In B. Hemforth, B. Mertins, & C. Fabricius-Hansen (Eds.), *Psycholinguistic approaches to meaning and understanding across languages*, 213–251. Springer.
2. Marcelle Crinean and Alan Garnham (2006): Implicit causality, implicit consequentiality and semantic roles. *Language and Cognitive Processes* **21**(5), 636–648.
3. Alan Garnham, Scarlett Child, and Sam Hutton (2020): Anticipating causes and consequences. *Journal of Memory and Language* **114**, Article 104130.
4. Kamide, Yuki (2008): Anticipatory processes in sentence processing. *Language and Linguistics Compass* **2**(4), 647–670.
5. Koornneef, Arnout W., & Joost van Berkum (2006): On the use of verb-based implicit causality in sentence comprehension: Evidence from self-paced reading and eye tracking. *Journal of Memory and Language* **54**(4), 445–465.
6. Kuperberg, Gina and Florian T. Jaeger (2016): What do we mean by prediction in language comprehension? *Language, Cognition and Neuroscience* **31**(1), 32–59.
7. Pickering, Martin J. and Chiara Gambi (2018): Predicting while comprehending language: A theory and review. *Psychological Bulletin* **144**(10), 1002–1044.
8. Pickering, Martin J. and Asifa Majid (2007): What are implicit causality and consequentiality? *Language and Cognitive Processes* **22**(5), 780–788.
9. Pyykkönen, Pirita and Juhani Järvikivi (2010): Activation and persistence of implicit causality information in spoken language comprehension. *Experimental Psychology* **57**(1), 5–16.
10. Solstad, Torgrim and Oliver Bott (2022): On the nature of implicit causality and consequentiality: the case of psychological verbs. *Language, Cognition and Neuroscience* **37**(10), 1311–134
Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 13
Full text linkThese are the proceedings of the 13th installment of the annual conference "Sinn und Bedeutung 13" at the University of Stuttgart
Word-meaning and sentence-internal presupposition
No full textThe German causal preposition durch ('by', 'through') poses a challenge to formal-semantic analyses applying strict compositionality. To deal with this challenge, a formalism which builds on recent important developments in Discourse Representation Theory is developed, including a more elaborate analysis of presuppositional phenomena as well as the integration into the theory of unification as a mode of composition. It is argued that that the observed unificational phenomena belong in the realm of pragmatics, providing an argument for presuppositional phenomena at a sentence- and word-internal level
Word-Meaning and Sentence-Internal Presupposition
Full text linkThe German causal preposition durch (’by’, ’through’) poses a challenge to formal-semantic analyses applying strict compositionality. To deal with this challenge, a formalism which builds on recent important developments in Discourse Representation Theory is developed, including a more elaborate analysis of presuppositional phenomena as well as the integration into the theory of unification as a mode of composition. It is argued that that the observed unificational phenomena belong in the realm of pragmatics, providing an argument for presuppositional phenomena at a sentence- and word-internal level
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