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Theory of relevance in research on the communication competence among patients with hearing loss resulting from otosclerosis
No full textUniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Wydział Filologiczny. Praca doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem Dra hab. Mirosława Michalika, prof. UP.Cel dysertacji stanowiło zbadanie, z wykorzystaniem teorii relewancji Sperbera i Wilson, poziomu przyswojenia
kompetencji komunikacyjnej osób dotkniętych tytułową chorobą, reprezentujących populację generalną (18 kobiet i 18
mężczyzn), pacjentów Kliniki Otolaryngologicznej Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie. Główny
problem dotyczył dostrzegania relewancji wypowiedzi chorych na otosklerozę podczas procesu codziennej komunikacji
oraz oceny (poprzez wyniki badań audiometrycznych) skuteczności leczenia operacyjnego otosklerozy, wpływu zabiegu
chirurgicznego na usprawnienie słuchu i poprawę kompetencji komunikacyjnej.
W pracy zastosowano eksperyment o charakterze psycholingwistycznym (przetwarzanie informacji i komunikatów
językowych) oraz audiologicznym (wykorzystanie drogi słuchowej). W zakresie analizy dokumentów zastosowano zaś
technikę analizy dokumentacji medycznej. Narzędziem badawczym wykorzystanym w celu zgromadzenia materiału
językowego było specjalnie przygotowane nagranie audio, w treści którego przedstawiono chorym trzy sytuacje typowe
dla doświadczenia przeciętnego, dorosłego człowieka. Po wysłuchaniu nagrania badani kończyli usłyszany fragment
dialogu, wybierając dowolną z załączonych replik. Adekwatne wybieranie replik wskazywało, zgodnie z teorią
relewancji, na osiąganie efektu kontekstowego (zinterpretowanie wypowiedzi w odpowiednim kontekście) oraz
dostrzeganie relewancji wypowiedzi (wyciąganie wniosków kontekstowych). Narzędzie badające relewancję wypowiedzi
oraz badania audiometryczne zostały zastosowane przed zabiegiem chirurgicznym, by określić wyjściowy poziom
kompetencji komunikacyjnej chorych na otosklerozę, a następnie w 3. miesiącu po leczeniu operacyjnym. Zestawienie
wyników pozwoliło na określenie różnicy w zakresie poprawy słuchu oraz realizacji kompetencji komunikacyjnej.
Wyniki badań skłaniają do postawienia wniosku, że kompetencja lingwistyczna w tym typie niedosłuchu postlingwalnego
jest zachowana, ale niedosłuch upośledza komunikację, utrudnia dostrzeganie relewancji informacji oraz porozumienie
z nadawcą warunkowane właściwym odczytaniem intencji komunikacyjnej. Ponadto stwierdzono, że zabieg chirurgiczny,
likwidujący niedosłuch u osób z rozpoznaniem otosklerozy, jest skuteczną metodą poprawy słuchu i rozumienia mowy –
badania wskazały na 20% poprawę kompetencji komunikacyjnej osób dotkniętych otosklerozą. Analiza statystyczna
wykazała również, że poprawa słuchu w zakresie przewodnictwa powietrznego, stanowiącego wyznacznik poziomu
słyszenia czystych dźwięków, wyniosła przeciętnie około 37 dB, a kostnego 8 dB.
Wnioski (lingwistyczne, logopedyczne i audiologiczne) pozwalają na jednoznaczne stwierdzenie, że niedosłuch w
wyniku otosklerozy wpływa na obniżenie kompetencji komunikacyjnej (niedostrzeganie relewancji, powtarzanie
informacji obecnej w kontekście), a zabieg operacyjny, usprawniający słuch badanych osób, powoduje wzrost jej
poziomu.The aim of this Ph dissertation was to examine language functioning of otosclerosis patients and define how that
disease affects the level of communication competence. For that purpose a group representing general population (18
females and 18 males) was chosen, all patients of the ENT Deprtament of the Jagiellonian University Medical College
in Cracow.
As the main subject of the dissertation refers to the aspects of communication competences, Chapter I defines three
competences referred to as “core” (grammar – lexical i.e. linguistic, communication and cultural competence known
as cognitive).
Chapter I also presents other significant parts of communication (language system, speech act elements, language
functions, forms of contact), speech acts concepts of John Austin and John Searl (pragmalinguistics), other
theories and linguistic concepts concerning the relation between language knowledge and mental, cognitive, social
and biological processes of a man.
Chapter II presents the relevance theory of Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson (1986) based on an inferential model of
communication used to create a diagnostic tool applied in the diagnosis of communication competence in otosclerosis
patients.
Chapter III shows the problem of otosclerosis - bony labyrinth disease being often the cause of hearing loss in the
postlingual period. This disease leads to the damage of the sound transmission mechanism in the middle ear which
complicates the auditory conversion process resulting in worse speech comprehension, i.e. reducing communication
competence.
Chapter IV contains the methodology aspects and presents the diagnostic tool (audio records) used for gathering
language material of people with hearing loss caused by otosclerosis. After listening to a recording the patients
completed an excerpt from the dialogue they had listened to, choosing any of the included replies. Adequately
chosen replies showed, in accordance with the relevance theory, reaching the context effect (interpreting the
utterance in an adequate context) and the perception of the utterance relevance ( understanding implications).
Chapter V of the dissertation focuses on an important research problem – the assessment of the effectiveness of
surgical treatment of otosclerosis. The results of medical records analysis of the patients before and after
surgery within the level of air and bone conductivity were considered.
Analysis of the linguistic material of people with hearing loss caused by otosclerosis and the analysis of
audioscopes allowed identifying the problem of this dissertation as interdisciplinary, connecting applied
linguistics, audiology and speech therapy.
Conclusions (linguistic, logopedic and audiological) discussed in Chapter VI include both the assessment of the
diagnostic tool in a specific impaired discourse and the results of medical research before and after surgery. They
lead to a conclusion that hearing loss resulting from otosclerosis causes diminution of communication competence
(i.e. inability to perceive relevance and repeating information already existing in context.), and that the surgery
increases the communication competence level.
Research into the communication competence based on the relevance theory is empirical research showing the
discrepancies between relevance perception and the effort of temporary information transformation in people with a
medical issue (audiological) resulting in communication interference. This research is a valuable source of
diagnostic information helpful in planning further speech therapy for people with hearing loss caused by
otosclerosis. Together with otoscopic examination, audiometric screenings and speech comprehension tests it might
constitute one of the criteria for the diagnosis of otosclerosis and referring patients to further treatment
improving their communication competence.
Analysis of this “hard to measure” communication competence problem e.g. in people with hearing loss caused by
otosclerosis opens a new research area helpful in diagnostics and rehabilitation of people with that specific and
rarely researched impaired discourse
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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