1,720,957 research outputs found
Pain and Pain Management in Sea Turtle and Herpetological Medicine: State of the Art
Get PDFIn sea turtle rescue and rehabilitative medicine, many of the casualties suffer from occurrences that would be considered painful in other species; therefore, the use of analgesic drugs should be ethically mandatory to manage the pain and avoid its deleterious systemic effects to guarantee a rapid recovery and release. Nonetheless, pain assessment and management are particularly challenging in reptilians and chelonians. The available scientific literature demonstrates that, anatomically, biochemically, and physiologically, the central nervous system of reptiles and chelonians is to be considered functionally comparable to that of mammals albeit less sophisticated; therefore, reptiles can experience not only nociception but also “pain” in its definition of an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. Hence, despite the necessity of appropriate pain management plans, the available literature on pain assessment and clinical efficacy of analgesic drugs currently in use (prevalently opioids and NSAIDs) is fragmented and suffers from some basic gaps or methodological bias that prevent a correct interpretation of the results. At present, the general understanding of the physiology of reptiles’ pain and the possibility of its reasonable treatment is still in its infancy, considering the enormous amount of information still needed, and the use of analgesic drugs is still anecdotal or dangerously inferred from other species
Fusarium solani hyalohyphomycosisin loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta): a diagnostic and therapeutical challenge
No full textFusarium spp. are pathogens plants, animals and humans, isolated from soil, plants and water systems. They are distributed worldwide and include saprotrophic, biotrophic‐pathogenic or endophytic fungi, or producers of mycotoxins (fumonisins). Human isolates are becoming the leading mycosis affecting immunocompromised patients and frequently involved in mycoses of aquatic mammals and reptiles, included sea turtles or their eggs. Here reported are three severe cases of unusual localizations of Fusarium in loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) and their diagnostic, therapeutic and clinical output. In the clinical practice, correct genus‐level identification of Fusarium species is critically important to enable correct treatment as in vitroantifungal susceptibility testing is mandatory for each Fusarium‐like isolate. For this reason, susceptibility testing can significantly help the practitioner in choosing the most appropriate therapeutic protocol
Capture myopathy after surgery in striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba): a case report
No full textIn the summer 2014, a male juvenile live striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) was stranded alive along the Ionian Calabrian coast (Italy) due to a severe wound close to the tail likely caused by entanglement in fishing gears. Radiographic exam during first medical evaluation evidenced a Salter-Harris fracture type 1 of a lumbar vertebra. Since the animal survive for three days, a surgical approach with a ‘hand-made’ external fixator specifically designed for this animal was attempted. Serum samples were collected the day before the surgery, during the surgery and the day after to evaluate renal and hepatic functions and muscular condition; unfortunately, the striped dolphin died suddenly the day after the surgery. A detailed necropsy was carried out within 12 hours, tissue samples were collected and routinely processed for histopathological examination.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis using anti-myoglobin and anti-fibrinogen was performed on skeletal and cardiac muscles and on kidney. A urine sample was also collected during the necropsy and proteinuria analysis with SDS-age was performed. Biochemical values of BUN, ALT and AST values were above the upper limits of reference range in all the three serum samples while creatinine values were below the lower limit. Also the serum amyloid A (SAA) was markedly higher, in particular in the post-surgical samples, while an increase in total serum protein was noticed only in samples collected after surgery. Post- mortem analyses did not showed any relevant pathological changes. IHC revealed severe muscular damage with myoglobin staining evident in renal tissues. Urinalysis showed urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio of 5:3 with glomerular proteinuria. Clinical-pathological and pathological findings suggest that cause of death was capture myopathy (CM) related to ischaemia-reperfusion damage due to elevated concentrations of catecholamines. This case point out as CM could have a role in mortality following the live-stranding event and compromised subsequent rehabilitation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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