701 research outputs found
Towards a theory of quantum integrability in finite size systems
No full textWe study general quantum integrable Hamiltonians linear in a coupling constant and represented by finite NxN real symmetric matrices. The restriction on the coupling dependence leads to a natural notion of nontrivial integrals of motion and classification of integrable families into Types according to the number of such integrals. A Type M family in our definition is formed by N-M nontrivial mutually commuting operators linear in the coupling. Working from this definition alone, we parameterize Type M operators, i.e. resolve the commutation relations, and obtain an exact solution for their eigenvalues and eigenvectors. We show that our parameterization covers all Type 1, 2, and 3 integrable models and discuss the extent to which it is complete for other types. We also present robust numerical observation on the number of energy level crossings in Type M integrable systems and analyze the taxonomy of types in the 1d Hubbard model.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Haile Owus
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Forest and Agricultural Lands: Carbon Sequestration
No full textAE435, an 8-page fact sheet by Solomon G. Haile, Clyde W. Fraisse, Vimala D. Nair, and P.K. Ramachandran Nair, addresses some basic questions regarding the prospects of carbon (C) sequestration in forest and agricultural lands and examines the C sequestration potential of different land management practices that could play a role in GHG mitigation strategies. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, September 2008
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Forest and Agricultural Lands: Reducing Emissions
No full textAE443, a 7-page fact sheet by Solomon G. Haile, Clyde W. Fraisse, P.K. Ramachandran Nair, and Vimala D. Nair, is part of the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Forest and Agricultural Lands series. It provides basic information about greenhouse gases (GHGs), the greenhouse effect, and global warming, and sources of GHG emissions from forest and agricultural lands and discusses land management practices that have potential to reduce GHG emissions in the agricultural and forestry sectors of Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, December 2008
Experiencing the armed struggle : the Soweto generation and after
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 354-369).This study explores the experiences of the rank-and-file soldiers of Umkhonto we Sizwe and the Azanian People's Liberation Anny. Extensive interviews by the author and other researchers reveal the voices of the soldiers themselves. The African National Congress and Pan African Congress archives at the University of the Western Cape and the University of Fort Hare supplement and verify these oral testimonies, as do some published sources. Most previously published materials about the armed struggle against apartheid have already focused on diplomacy, strategy and tactics, operations, leadership, and human rights abuses to the neglect of the soldiers' actual experiences. This study complements these with significant new oral history materials from the Soweto generation of soldiers and their successors. When dealing with MK, many authors have documented issues of the camp structure in Angola, and operations inside South Africa, so much of this detail is only addressed briefly, leaving space to explore the soldiers' experiences. In the case of APLA, very little has been written on its history, and more detail is provided on these subjects. This study therefore deals with the soldiers' politicisation and motivation for joining the armed struggle, their experiences in leaving South Africa and training in exile, the crises in exile which limited their effectiveness for a time, their return to fight in South Africa, and their difficulties in the "new" South Africa. These materials reveal that vast problems remain facing these veterans of the struggle against apartheid, and that they have the potential, if properly supported and employed, to contribute substantially to the development of present day South Africa. Conversely, if their neglect continues, they also have the potential to bring vast harm to the country. Further use of the investigative tools of oral history, especially if extended to the former soldiers' vernacular languages, is necessary to augment the history of South Africa, and these soldiers' contributions
Data requirement and partnerships for creating and sustaining Dtreo
No full textThe International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) partnering with Accelerating the Impact of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) and the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) has been working to develop and sustain a digital database system on the ongoing sheep and goat community-based breeding programs (CBBPs) being implemented in Ethiopia since 2010 (Haile et al., 2018). Currently, a total of about 40 CBBPs each with average of 80 household and 1000 flock size in four sheep (Menz, Bonga, Doyogena and Horro) and three goat (Abergelle, konso and Borena) breeds are available (Haile et al., 2019). Many other CBBPs have also been established throughout the country by different institutions (Research Centers, Universities, and Biodiversity Institute), Africa (e.g. Tanzania, Sudan, Uganda, Malawi) and elsewhere (e.g Brazil, Iran, Mongolia) (Haile et al., 2019)
A critical analysis of Ethiopian Civil Code: in light of the core features of Continental European Codification
No full textThis dissertation examines the core features of codification and applies them to the Ethiopian civil code in order to critically analyze whether that code complies with the core features of continental European codification or not. The author describes the development of the system of law in Ethiopia - explaining how Ethiopia became one of Africa’s states highly influenced by the model of continental European codification, particularly with the introduction during the regime of Emperor Haile Sellasie (between 1957 and 1965) of a group of highly complex codes – Civil code, Civil Procedure code, Penal code, Criminal Procedure code, Commercial code and Maritime code – giving Ethiopia one of the most modern legal systems in the World
Environment suitability mapping of livestock: A case study of Ethiopian indigenous sheep and goats
No full textDemand for livestock products is increasing as climate volatility threatens animal productivity and welfare. Therefore, novel technologies and approaches to meet these challenges are required. Geo-informatics and geo-visualization can address a critical question in this endeavor -where can improved indigenous, newly developed and composite breeds be introduced while retaining optimal productivity and resilience to climatic and environmental volatility? Here, a case study of four and two Ethiopian indigenous breeds of sheep (Atsbi, Doyogena, Horro, Menz) and goats (Abergelle, Yabello), and geo-informatics based spatial analytics generating, for each breed, a suitability index map is presented. The analysis reveals overlapping and breed-specific enviro-geographic and ecological suitability niches. More than 51% of Ethiopia is unsuitable for the optimal performance of the six breeds. The proportions of unsuitable land are 64.84% (Menz), 53.44% (Horro), 76.98% (Doyogena), 83.53% (Atsbi), 82.37% (Abergelle) and 63.89% (Yabello). The suitable production range for the four sheep breeds show a slight overlap, but that of the two goat breeds did not. The goats are best suited to the drylands, but the niche for Abergelle is in the north, and that of Yabello is in the south of Ethiopia. The heatmaps suggest that the mean annual temperature and precipitation have the largest contribution in the classification of geographic areas into suitability classes. Our results provide insights for targeting location specific species- and breed-interventions, and with climate change trajectories and natural resource base abundance, will be a major criterion for building resilient livestock production systems. Furthermore, ecological suitability mapping can allow practitioners to evaluate potential geographic ranges for newly-developed, experimental, and improved livestock breeds to design sustainable and innovative agro-ecological solutions
The controversial Anoole and Haile Selassie monuments as reflecting the religious and political tensions between Christians and Muslim Ethiopians
No full textAbstract: Statues referring to history are expressions of the collective conscience of nations or groups in a nation, and therefore their value is determined by the changing policies and altering concepts of such nations or groups. Ethiopia, the only African nation without a real colonial past sensu stricto, presents some characteristic examples. Crowned in the Orthodox Tewahedo Church’s Cathedral in Addis Ababa, Emperor Haile Selassie’s reign (1916/1930 - 1975), fall and murder are well known. He was the last of the so-called Solomonic line, beginning with Sheba and Menelik I, the son she had from King Solomon. Haile Selassie became anathema and was regarded as an outdated dictator, belonging to the colonial period. However, a statue of the emperor was erected outside the African Union’s headquarters in Addis Ababa, but it soon also became controversial. Another very controversial statue was erected in Hetosa, Oromo, in 2014 and is known as the Anoole statue. It was also a remembrance of the past and refers to the acts of one of the most glorious emperors of Modern Ethiopian history, Menelik II, who wished to restore Ethiopian unity by bringing all old territories back under the crown. The Oromo group, a non-Semitic, largely non-Christian-Orthodox ethnic group resisted such unification. The emperor reacted by persecuting the Oromos in 1886, using an old Ethiopian traditional way of punishment, i.e. to cut the right breasts of women and right hands of men
Community-based breeding program integration in Ethiopian Universities
No full textCommunity-based breeding program is an emerging and alternative genetic improvement
approach in smallholder and resource poor farming systems. The program is participatory in
nature that captures farmer’s indigenous knowledge. The prime drivers of the program are
farmers and the decision is bottom-up and the resource base is internal input such as indigenous
breeds that make the initiative sustainable and cost effective. CBBP increased income of
participating farmers by 20% as compared to non-participating farmers (Gutu et al., 2015).
Genetic gain of 0.21kg/year has been recorded for bonga sheep for six months weight (Haile et
al., 2020). Most participating farmers from Menz site have also graduated from a government
run safety net program and they now depend on income from sale of sheep for their livelihood.
CBBP is a means to conserve the local stock through improvement and utilization. The
innovations in CBBP include the empowerment of farmers through cooperative organizations,
pooling of small farmers flock to ensure genetic diversity, reverting inbreeding and producing
best ram to be shared among breeding groups based on settlement patterns and setting prime
price for improved sire through certification that has created new employment opportunities.
The program was run by involving multiple of stakeholders such that, ICARDA, ILRI and the
national research system in Ethiopia. The paradox is that, the involvement of the Universities in
running CBBP was dismal. However, universities are heavily involved in characterization of
indigenous stock in their habitat and farming system. The majority of MSc theses have
documented characterization of the indigenous stock. A number of articles have been published
on indigenous stock characterization. Characterization is not the end by itself; characterization
study should be accompanied by a genetic improvement of the local stock for sustainable
utilization and conservation. Hence, CBBP could be the right choice to be run by Universities for
multiple functions and benefits. Two approaches could be followed at University: integration of
the CBBP in course content, course description and teaching resources of animal breeding course,
and establishing of CBBP villages in the proximity of the Universities.
There are enabling and conducive environments to initiating CBBPs in Universities. There are
more than 40 government Universities running Animal science programs. The Universities are
fairly distributed in different regions and agro-ecologies possessing unique breeds for genetic
improvement. For example, Wollega University has Horro Breed, a prominent breed in the
proximity of the University. Injibara University has Dangila/Washera/ sheep found in its door
steps. Bonga University can be engaged in improving Bonga sheep, one of the prominent breed
in the surrounding of the University. Assosa University has indigenous sheep, Oromo-Arab sheep
to run community-based breeding programs. Debre Berhan University has Menz sheep in its
proximity, a breed which is a livelihood option for a communities living under rugged and
degraded landscape. Semera University is located in the arid areas that have Afar goat in their
door steps. Live animal export and abattoirs have high demand for Afar goat that requires genetic
improvement to meet the existing and future demands.
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The Universities have a critical mass of students and academic staff that can run CBBPs and
benefit from its multiple advantages. Universities have the responsibility of running community
services. However, most are alleged of not bringing impact on the lives of the communities they
operate in. We believe CBBP can be an entry point in this endeavour to bring about impact as
witnessed by existing CBBPs. CBBP has also the ability to synergize the triple mandates of the
Universities, including research, community services and teaching
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