1,347 research outputs found
Comparison of methods for the microbiological identification and profiling of cronobacter species from ingredients used in the preparation of infant formula
No full textCronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) can be isolated from a wide range of foods and environments, and its association with neonatal infections has drawn considerable attention from regulatory authorities. The principle route of neonatal infection has been identified as the ingestion of contaminated infant formula. A number of methods have been developed to identify Cronobacter spp., however these were before the most recent (2012 ) taxonomic revision of the genus into seven species. In this study, phenotyping, protein profiling and molecular methods were used to identify Cronobacter strains which had been recently isolated from ingredients used in the preparation of infant formula. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed that different Cronobacter strains had been recovered from the same food products. All isolates were identified as C sakazakii according to four genus specific PCR-probes and protein profiling using MALDI-TOF analysis. However, 16S rDNA sequence analyses and fusA allele sequencing gave more accurate identification: four strains were C sakazakii, one strain was C malonaticus and the remaining strain was C universalis. Multilocus sequence typing showed the strains were different sequence types. These results demonstrate the presence of different Cronobacter species in food ingredients used in the preparation of infant formula, and also the need for molecular identification and profiling methods to be revised according to taxonomic revisions
An innovative technique to evaluate shale sweetspots
No full textShale plays that have unfavorable characteristics, such as formation depths of more than 10,000 ft. (TVD) or a scarcity of fresh water needed for hydraulic fracturing, present a special challenge for determining the feasibility of economic development.
A new technique (introduced by Algarhy, Bateman and Soliman at SPE NATC 2015) to evaluate shale sweetspots takes into consideration their characteristic properties and represents them using only a single index, the “Sweetspot Quality Index” (SSQI). This index reflects the grade and scale of the sweetspot.
The SSQI enables the comparison of sweetspots and it is calculated from four indices: the Reservoir Quality Index (RQI), the Completion Quality Index (CQI), the Conventional Behavior Index (CBI) and the Operation Index (OI). The RQI is calculated from sweetspot area, average thickness, TOC, effective porosity, saturations, free gas, adsorbed gas and residual hydrocarbon. The CQI is calculated from Young’s modulus, Poisson's ratio, overburden stress, closure stress, mineralogy, and the existence of micro fractures and lamination. The CBI is calculated from measurements of trapped sand or carbonate layers that are charged with hydrocarbon and have a conventional production behavior. The OI takes into account field operations cost, hydrocarbon prices, technical challenges and HSE issues.
For validation purposes, the proposed technique has been applied to different data sets from North American shale plays, and the final results are very consistent with best practices.
A detailed case study is presented that applies the SSQI to an economically borderline shale play in North Africa. The results are compared to similar cases in North America. Both were challenging cases mainly because of deep reservoirs (economic challenge). The work shows that a shale play under some challenging conditions can has an acceptable quality index and be developed economically.
Calculating the SSQI gives an improved approach to evaluation, comparisons and recommendations for new sweetspots discovered. It lends itself to become a standard evaluation technique for both E&P and service companies
Hyojun dai toa bunzu. 18 , Hawai shoto hen /
No full textMap of Hawaii published in Japan in 1943.; Also available in an electronic version via the internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn6451628. 880-04 Inset: Shinjuwan oyobi Honoruru fukin -- Hawai shoto fukin (Sandoicchi shoto). Scale 1:9,000,000.880-04 Inset: 1-MO!KB'IC!5#i%[i%Ni%ki%k!0o
No full textOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic condition commonly known as Brittle Bones. The purpose of this study was to listen to and document the experiences of those with OI to investigate if there were barriers to inclusive education for students with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Persons with OI are often small in stature, have limited strength and varying degrees of mobility. Adventurous behaviour or everyday activities may result in fractures. Often in the world of disability the focus is on the medical condition rather than the personal experiences of those with the condition. This study provided an opportunity to articulate the personal experiences of the participants.
In this study two specific aspects of educational experiences were examined. The first aspect explored was the way students managed physically within the educational setting, while the second aspect examined how students coped emotionally. Five major questions were used to determine if special education policies have affected the quality of inclusiveness for students with OI in New Zealand classrooms over a period of forty years. These questions examined what barriers exist in the past and whether the same barriers still exist within today's educational setting. The questions investigated what or who may be the cause of these barriers and what possible effects these barriers might have on the student The present situation was compared with the past and finally how might these barriers be overcome was investigated.
This qualitative study focused on three individuals, each representing a different generation. The participants exemplified a particular phenomenon, specifically the daily school lives in New Zealand of those with OI. The difficulties these students faced were explored through semi-structured interviews to encourage the three participants to voice their individual experiences. All three participants gave freely of their thoughts in an articulate, thoughtful and open manner, sharing both their positive and unpleasant experiences.
This study revealed that some New Zealand schools have yet to implement recent inclusive education policies set out by the Ministry of Education. The three participants identified barriers to inclusive education from their own personal perspectives. The physical environment of school presented challenges. Distance between classrooms and assembly halls and accessibility to the playground, ramps and toilet facilities created difficulties for students with OI who did not walk independently. Attitudes of parents, teachers, and the wider school community impacted on the self-attitude of students with OI. Over-protection, fear and anxiety were identified as unintentional attitudes that placed limitations on participation of meaningful activities and added to student feelings of isolation and difference. Lack of knowledge of the medical and psychosocial aspects of students with OI could account for the continued barriers imposed by some teachers.
Barriers do still exist in some New Zealand schools for students with osteogenesis imperfecta. Improved access could result in more participation. More participation could allow for an improved quality of social interaction and thus result in greater focus on the person and less focus on the disability. Collaboration between all school staff, parents and students with OI is essential to minimise barriers and maximise academic and social opportunities
New Perspectives on Computational and Cognitive Strategies for Word Sense Disambiguation
No full textCognitive and Computational Strategies for Word Sense Disambiguation examines cognitive strategies by humans and computational strategies by machines, for WSD in parallel. Focusing on a psychologically valid property of words and senses, author Oi Yee Kwong discusses their concreteness or abstractness and draws on psycholinguistic data to examine the extent to which existing lexical resources resemble the mental lexicon as far as the concreteness distinction is concerned. The text also investigates the contribution of different knowledge sources to WSD in relation to this very intrinsic nature of words and senses.
Liu dong xue sheng, kong jian yu mei jie: zai Gang nei di xue sheng zai he zu dan wei nei de mei jie shi jian
No full textWong, Oi Kam.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-154).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 12, December, 2016).Wong, Oi Kam
A variação ou~oi em Portugal continental
No full textTese de mestrado, Líguística, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013Esta dissertação estuda a variação dos ditongos decrescentes ou e oi em Portugal continental. A
motivação teórica baseia-se no texto de Luís Filipe Lindley Cintra: «Os ditongos decrescentes ou e
ei: esquema de um estudo sincrónico e diacrónico» (1983: 35-54). Neste texto, Cintra supõe que a
área de predominância do ditongo oi em Portugal continental seja a área de passagem de [ow] a [o],
e desta forma, o maior uso de oi poderá ser um esforço de “diferenciação vocálica”. A investigação,
de natureza fonético-fonológica, visa delimitar as áreas linguísticas onde o ditongo [oj] tem maior
uso, embora possa alternar em algumas palavras com o ditongo [ow] ou o monotongo [o] sempre
em posição inicial e medial de palavra (cf. ouro ~ oiro; touro ~ toiro), como também determinar os
factores linguísticos e extra-linguísticos subjacentes à variação dos ditongos e à predominância de
oi em algumas áreas. Revemos os trabalhos, teorias e explicações de diversos autores sobre este
tema (Leite de Vasconcelos, Paiva Bóleo, Azevedo Maia, E. B. Williams, entre outros). A orientação
metodológica fundamenta-se nos princípios gerais da Geografia Linguística, tendo como material
de estudo e apoio os dados do Atlas Linguístico da Península Ibérica; o Atlas Linguarum Europae; e
o Atlas Linguístico-Etnográfico de Portugal e da Galiza. A partir destes foi constituído um corpus
de 20 palavras integrando os ditongos [ow] e [oj], palavras obtidas a partir das respostas em formato
fonético de 503 informantes, em 228 pontos de inquérito distribuídos pelos 18 distritos portugueses.
Reunidos os dados fizemos, em primeiro lugar, a descrição linguística do fenómeno e a seguir
prosseguimos para a sistematização, cartografagem, análise linguística e análise estatística. Por fim,
comparamos os elementos apurados nesta investigação com as observações de Cintra.ABSTRACT: This dissertation studies the variation of the falling diphthongs ou and oi in mainland Portugal. The
theoretical motivation is based on a text by Luís Filipe Lindley Cintra in which the Author makes a
synchronic and diachronic study of the diphthongs: «Os ditongos decrescentes ou e ei: esquema de
um estudo sincrónico e diacrónico» (1983: 35-54). Cintra believes the area of predominance of [oj]
in mainland Portugal to be the same as the area where [ow] becomes a monophthong [o], thus
explaining its use as “vocalic differentiation”. This investigation is of phonetic and phonological
nature and it aims to delimit the linguistic areas where the diphthong [oj] has more use, although it
can alternate in some words with [ow] or [o] always in the initial and medial position of words (eg.:
ouro ~ oiro; touro ~ toiro), as well as to determine the underlying linguistic and extra-linguistic
factors of the variation and the predominance of oi in certain areas. We review the works, theories
and explanations given on this matter by various authors (Leite de Vasconcelos, Paiva Bóleo,
Azevedo Maia, E. B Williams, among others). The methodology is based on the general principles
of Linguistic Geography, taking as study and supporting material the data of three linguistic atlases:
Linguistic Atlas of the Iberian Peninsula; Atlas of the European Languages; and the Linguistic and
Ethnographic Atlas of Portugal and Galicia. We created a corpus of 20 words with diphthongs
[ow] and [oj], responses obtained in phonetic format from 503 informants in 228 interview points in
the 18 portuguese districts. From the gathered data we made a linguistic description of the
phenomenon followed by the systematization, cartography, linguistic analysis and statistical
analysis. In the end we compare the elements determined in this dissertation with the observations of Cintra
A variação ou~oi em Portugal continental
No full textTese de mestrado, Líguística, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013Esta dissertação estuda a variação dos ditongos decrescentes ou e oi em Portugal continental. A
motivação teórica baseia-se no texto de Luís Filipe Lindley Cintra: «Os ditongos decrescentes ou e
ei: esquema de um estudo sincrónico e diacrónico» (1983: 35-54). Neste texto, Cintra supõe que a
área de predominância do ditongo oi em Portugal continental seja a área de passagem de [ow] a [o],
e desta forma, o maior uso de oi poderá ser um esforço de “diferenciação vocálica”. A investigação,
de natureza fonético-fonológica, visa delimitar as áreas linguísticas onde o ditongo [oj] tem maior
uso, embora possa alternar em algumas palavras com o ditongo [ow] ou o monotongo [o] sempre
em posição inicial e medial de palavra (cf. ouro ~ oiro; touro ~ toiro), como também determinar os
factores linguísticos e extra-linguísticos subjacentes à variação dos ditongos e à predominância de
oi em algumas áreas. Revemos os trabalhos, teorias e explicações de diversos autores sobre este
tema (Leite de Vasconcelos, Paiva Bóleo, Azevedo Maia, E. B. Williams, entre outros). A orientação
metodológica fundamenta-se nos princípios gerais da Geografia Linguística, tendo como material
de estudo e apoio os dados do Atlas Linguístico da Península Ibérica; o Atlas Linguarum Europae; e
o Atlas Linguístico-Etnográfico de Portugal e da Galiza. A partir destes foi constituído um corpus
de 20 palavras integrando os ditongos [ow] e [oj], palavras obtidas a partir das respostas em formato
fonético de 503 informantes, em 228 pontos de inquérito distribuídos pelos 18 distritos portugueses.
Reunidos os dados fizemos, em primeiro lugar, a descrição linguística do fenómeno e a seguir
prosseguimos para a sistematização, cartografagem, análise linguística e análise estatística. Por fim,
comparamos os elementos apurados nesta investigação com as observações de Cintra.ABSTRACT: This dissertation studies the variation of the falling diphthongs ou and oi in mainland Portugal. The
theoretical motivation is based on a text by Luís Filipe Lindley Cintra in which the Author makes a
synchronic and diachronic study of the diphthongs: «Os ditongos decrescentes ou e ei: esquema de
um estudo sincrónico e diacrónico» (1983: 35-54). Cintra believes the area of predominance of [oj]
in mainland Portugal to be the same as the area where [ow] becomes a monophthong [o], thus
explaining its use as “vocalic differentiation”. This investigation is of phonetic and phonological
nature and it aims to delimit the linguistic areas where the diphthong [oj] has more use, although it
can alternate in some words with [ow] or [o] always in the initial and medial position of words (eg.:
ouro ~ oiro; touro ~ toiro), as well as to determine the underlying linguistic and extra-linguistic
factors of the variation and the predominance of oi in certain areas. We review the works, theories
and explanations given on this matter by various authors (Leite de Vasconcelos, Paiva Bóleo,
Azevedo Maia, E. B Williams, among others). The methodology is based on the general principles
of Linguistic Geography, taking as study and supporting material the data of three linguistic atlases:
Linguistic Atlas of the Iberian Peninsula; Atlas of the European Languages; and the Linguistic and
Ethnographic Atlas of Portugal and Galicia. We created a corpus of 20 words with diphthongs
[ow] and [oj], responses obtained in phonetic format from 503 informants in 228 interview points in
the 18 portuguese districts. From the gathered data we made a linguistic description of the
phenomenon followed by the systematization, cartography, linguistic analysis and statistical
analysis. In the end we compare the elements determined in this dissertation with the observations of Cintra
A variação ou~oi em Portugal continental
No full textTese de mestrado, Líguística, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013Esta dissertação estuda a variação dos ditongos decrescentes ou e oi em Portugal continental. A
motivação teórica baseia-se no texto de Luís Filipe Lindley Cintra: «Os ditongos decrescentes ou e
ei: esquema de um estudo sincrónico e diacrónico» (1983: 35-54). Neste texto, Cintra supõe que a
área de predominância do ditongo oi em Portugal continental seja a área de passagem de [ow] a [o],
e desta forma, o maior uso de oi poderá ser um esforço de “diferenciação vocálica”. A investigação,
de natureza fonético-fonológica, visa delimitar as áreas linguísticas onde o ditongo [oj] tem maior
uso, embora possa alternar em algumas palavras com o ditongo [ow] ou o monotongo [o] sempre
em posição inicial e medial de palavra (cf. ouro ~ oiro; touro ~ toiro), como também determinar os
factores linguísticos e extra-linguísticos subjacentes à variação dos ditongos e à predominância de
oi em algumas áreas. Revemos os trabalhos, teorias e explicações de diversos autores sobre este
tema (Leite de Vasconcelos, Paiva Bóleo, Azevedo Maia, E. B. Williams, entre outros). A orientação
metodológica fundamenta-se nos princípios gerais da Geografia Linguística, tendo como material
de estudo e apoio os dados do Atlas Linguístico da Península Ibérica; o Atlas Linguarum Europae; e
o Atlas Linguístico-Etnográfico de Portugal e da Galiza. A partir destes foi constituído um corpus
de 20 palavras integrando os ditongos [ow] e [oj], palavras obtidas a partir das respostas em formato
fonético de 503 informantes, em 228 pontos de inquérito distribuídos pelos 18 distritos portugueses.
Reunidos os dados fizemos, em primeiro lugar, a descrição linguística do fenómeno e a seguir
prosseguimos para a sistematização, cartografagem, análise linguística e análise estatística. Por fim,
comparamos os elementos apurados nesta investigação com as observações de Cintra.ABSTRACT: This dissertation studies the variation of the falling diphthongs ou and oi in mainland Portugal. The
theoretical motivation is based on a text by Luís Filipe Lindley Cintra in which the Author makes a
synchronic and diachronic study of the diphthongs: «Os ditongos decrescentes ou e ei: esquema de
um estudo sincrónico e diacrónico» (1983: 35-54). Cintra believes the area of predominance of [oj]
in mainland Portugal to be the same as the area where [ow] becomes a monophthong [o], thus
explaining its use as “vocalic differentiation”. This investigation is of phonetic and phonological
nature and it aims to delimit the linguistic areas where the diphthong [oj] has more use, although it
can alternate in some words with [ow] or [o] always in the initial and medial position of words (eg.:
ouro ~ oiro; touro ~ toiro), as well as to determine the underlying linguistic and extra-linguistic
factors of the variation and the predominance of oi in certain areas. We review the works, theories
and explanations given on this matter by various authors (Leite de Vasconcelos, Paiva Bóleo,
Azevedo Maia, E. B Williams, among others). The methodology is based on the general principles
of Linguistic Geography, taking as study and supporting material the data of three linguistic atlases:
Linguistic Atlas of the Iberian Peninsula; Atlas of the European Languages; and the Linguistic and
Ethnographic Atlas of Portugal and Galicia. We created a corpus of 20 words with diphthongs
[ow] and [oj], responses obtained in phonetic format from 503 informants in 228 interview points in
the 18 portuguese districts. From the gathered data we made a linguistic description of the
phenomenon followed by the systematization, cartography, linguistic analysis and statistical
analysis. In the end we compare the elements determined in this dissertation with the observations of Cintra
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