1,720,960 research outputs found
Involuntary admissions in Italy: the impact of seasonality
Full text linkAbstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of involuntary admissions with regard to seasonality and clinical associated features, in a sample of patients admitted to a psychiatric unit in a period of 24 months.
Methods: All subjects consecutively admitted to the Psychiatric Inpatient Unit of the San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (University of Turin, Italy) from September 2013 to August 2015 were recruited. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected.
Results: Seven hundred and thirty admissions in psychiatric ward were recognized. The prevalence of involuntary admission was 15.4%. Patients with involuntary hospitalizations showed a higher education level, a higher prevalence of admission in spring/summer with a significant peak in June, a longer duration of hospitalization and a lower suicide ideation. Among involuntary admissions, physical restraint and suicide attempts were more prevalent during spring compared to the other seasons.
Conclusions: Seasonality has an important role in the psychopathology of psychiatric disorders, particularly in bipolar and related disorder, and may represent an influencing factor in hospital admissions and hospitalizations. Seasonal pattern must be considered while managing diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, with regard to prevention and psychoeducation of patients
Affective recurrences in bipolar disorder after switching from lithium to valproate or vice versa: A series of 57 cases
Full text linkno abstrac
Antipsychotics in treatment-resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: which antipsychotic, which dose and how long antipsychotic addition should be maintained
Full text linkObjectives: Treatment-resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients
are defined as those who undergo adequate trials of first-line therapies
without achieving a satisfactory response. First line treatments for OCD include
both serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT).
Because of the high number of OCD patients not responding to first-line treatments
(40-60%) and considering the even greater prevalence rate of residual
symptoms and significant impairment shown in patients previously described
as “clinical responders”, the question of the proper treatment of resistant OCD
is a clinically meaningful and a practical issue for psychiatrists. Antipsychotic
augmentation proved to be an effective strategy for resistant OCD. However,
there are unresolved questions concerning which antipsychotic is effective (or
more effective) and how antipsychotics should be used in terms of doses and
duration of treatment. The purpose of this study is to systematically review
available studies on antipsychotic augmentation for treatment-resistant OCD,
in order to guide the practical choice.
Materials and methods: We searched on PubMed, Psychnet and Cochrane
Libraries from inception to January 2016. Articles published in English and
related to the use of antipsychotics in OCD were considered. We evaluated
meta-analyses, systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials of adult
patients with treatment-resistant OCD.
Results: Antipsychotic augmentation is an evidence-based option for treatmentresistant
OCD, with a response rate of approximately 50% within the first 4-to6
weeks. Aripiprazole (10-15 mg/day) and risperidone (0.5-2 mg/day) are effective,
olanzapine (10 mg/day) is possibly effective. Haloperidol addition is also a
viable option, particularly in patients with comorbid tic disorders. Given results
of studies performed to date quetiapine should be regarded as non-effective.
Preliminary results from open label studies suggest that antipsychotic augmentation,
once effective, should be maintained in order to maintain remission.
Conclusions: Not all antipsychotics are effective as add-on treatments in resistant
OCD. Characteristics of patients and side effects generally associated with
each different antipsychotic may guide the practical choice. Further research is
required concerning the comparative effectiveness among antipsychotics, the
optimal target dose and the ideal duration of antipsychotic addition. In our opinion,
antipsychotic augmentation in patients who responded to this treatment should
be maintained in order to prevent relapses. However, clinicians must remember
patients’ exposure to the common and serious adverse effects associated with
long-term antipsychotic administration, especially metabolic disturbances
Combining drug and psychological treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: what is the evidence, when and for whom
Full text linkserotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) are first-line treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Since response is often inadequate, in recent years researchers investigated whether combining CBT and SRIs, either ab initio or sequentially, results in a greater reduction of obsessive-compulsive symptoms
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A systematic review of evidence-based treatment strategies for obsessive-compulsive disorder resistant to first-line pharmacotherapy
No full textSerotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) are first-line treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, a significant proportion of patients do not respond satisfactorily to first-choice treatments. Several options have been investigated for the management of resistant patients
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
