1,721,027 research outputs found
Monitoring of Lake Mjøsa. Annual report for 2016
No full textRapporten omhandler vannkvalitet, biologiske forhold og økologisk tilstand i vannområde Mjøsa i 2016 samt tidsutviklingen gjennom overvåkingsperioden 1972-2016. Miljøtilstanden i Mjøsa har blitt sterkt forbedret med hensyn til overgjødsling siden 1970- og 1980-tallet. Den økologiske tilstanden i 2016 var god på alle prøvetakingsstasjoner i Mjøsa, men var nær grensen god/moderat i Furnesfjorden. Konsentrasjonen av totalfosfor i Mjøsa har blitt betydelig redusert etter Mjøsaksjonen på 1970- og 1980-tallet, men har vært litt høyere i de senere årene enn i perioden 2002-2008. Økningen skyldes trolig store tilførsler fra nedbørfeltet i tilknytning til flomepisoder i årene 2011, 2013 og 2014. Gudbrandsdalslågen bidro med 67% av de samlede fosfortilførslene til innsjøen i 2016, mens øvrige tilløpselver bidro med ca. 22%. Algemengden er mer enn halvert siden 1970-tallet, og biomassen av cyanobakterier (blågrønnalger) er redusert til et svært lavt nivå. I den senere tid har det imidlertid vært enkelte år med større algemengder enn ønskelig, med markerte topper med kiselalger i augustseptember. I 2016 var det også kiselalger som dominerte algesamfunnet, mens det fortsatt var svært lite cyanobakterier. Den økologiske tilstanden i nedre deler av Mesna og Brumunda ble vurdert som moderat i 2016 basert på undersøkelser av begroingsorganismer og bunndyr. Dette indikerer at disse elvene ikke tilfredsstiller miljømålet i vannforskriften.The report presents data from the operational monitoring of Norway’s largest lake Mjøsa, its tributaries and the outlet river Vorma, emphasizing results on ecological status from 2016 based on phytoplankton, nutrients and secchi depth and long-term trends in temperature, riverine phosphorus discharges, water quality and environmental status for the period 1972-2016. As a result of comprehensive pollution abatement measures, the water quality of Lake Mjøsa has improved markedly since the 1970ies and the 1980ies. The mean phytoplankton biomass has been reduced by more than half of what is was during the 1970ies. However, even in some later years, the phytoplankton biomass has been rather high especially during diatom “blooms” in late August and early September. Based on mean algal biomass and composition of the phytoplankton in 2016, the ecological status was classified as good at all four sampling stations. However, at the sampling station Furnesfjorden, the ecological station was close to moderate. At the main station, tot-P mean value for the algal growth season declined from 7-11 μg P/l in the 1970ies to 3-5 μg P/l in the years 2002-2008. In the years 2009-2016 the tot-P mean values were slightly higher, varying within the range 4-7 μg P/l. This increase was probably caused by relatively large P-inputs from the catchment during periods with high run off, especially during the late spring floods in 2011, 2013 and 2014. In 2016 the tot-P concentration was within the range of good ecological status, and did not exceed the local environmental target for Lake Mjøsa. Median values for tot-P concentrations in the six main inlet rivers were relatively low in 2016 and indicated high ecological status for the rivers Gudbrandsdalslågen, Gausa, Hunnselva, Lena and Flagstadelva and good status for the rivers Lena and Svartelva. Based on investigations of benthic algae and macro-invertebrates the ecological status was classified as moderate at the sampling stations situated in the lower parts of the rivers Mesna and Brumunda in 2016.Vassdragsforbundet for Mjøsa med tilløpselverpublishedVersio
Large lakes in Norway: Can existing data be used to classify ecological and chemical status according to the Water Framework Directive? Preparation of surveillance monitoring of large lakes
No full textMålet med dette prosjektet var å lage en oversikt over metadata som finnes for de store innsjøene i Norge og vurdere
om dataene er tilstrekkelig til å kunne klassifisere økologisk og kjemisk tilstand. Metadata for vannkjemi, biologiske
kvalitetselementer og miljøgifter for 33 av de største innsjøene i Norge viser at ingen store innsjøer tilfredsstiller
kravet til nyere overvåkingsdata for alle kvalitetselementer, og en fullstendig klassifisering av dagens økologiske
tilstand vil derfor ikke kunne gjennomføres uten nye undersøkelser. To-tredjedeler av de store innsjøene kan
sannsynligvis klassifiseres mht. enkelte kvalitetselementer. For de fleste av innsjøene finnes også eldre data som kan
brukes sammen med de nyere dataene til å analysere trender. Svært få av de store innsjøene kan klassifiseres mht.
dagens kjemiske tilstand. Kun fem innsjøer kan klassifiseres mht. ett eller flere tungmetaller og kun 4 kan
klassifiseres mht. en eller flere POPs. Dette er innsjøer på Østlandet (Øyeren, Mjøsa, Hurdalssjøen, Femunden,
Randsfjorden), samt Vaggatem i Finnmark mht. tungmetaller. For ytterligere 13 innsjøer finnes det eldre
miljøgiftdata.
store innsjøer, dataoversikt, tilstandsklassifisering, basisovervåking, large lakes, data overview, status classification, surveillance monitoringA surveillance monitoring programme for large lakes is required for the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive in Norway. The lakes to be included in this monitoring programme comprise the largest lakes in Norway, but also include some other large lakes to ensure at least one large lake in each river basin district.
The objective of this project has been to compile and overview of metadata for the large lakes in Norway and to evaluate their suitability for a WFD-compliant classification of ecological and chemical status.Miljødirektorate
Miljøtilstanden i Mjøsa med tilløpselver 2017
Get PDFProsjektleder Anne Lyche SolheimKonklusjonen på overvåkingen av Mjøsa i 2017 er at innsjøen er i god økologisk tilstand. Biomassen av planteplankton var lav og i god tilstand på alle målestasjonene med unntak av i september, da det var betydelig mer kiselalger på alle stasjonene unntatt Brøttum. Algemengdene målt som klorofyll-a var lave og nær grenseverdien svært god/god iht. vannforskriften (2 μg/l) ved alle prøvestasjonene, med unntak av i Furnesfjorden i september, da klorofyll var på 4 μg/l, som er lik grenseverdien god/moderat. Kiselalger, svelgflagellater og gullalger utgjorde de største gruppene innen planteplanktonet, og andel cyanobakterier (blågrønnalger) var svært lav. Artssammensetningen klassifiseres som god, unntatt i Furnesfjorden, som får moderat tilstand, dog nær grensen til god tilstand. Samlet klassifisering av planteplankton ga god tilstand på alle stasjonene og var sammenlignbar med de beste årene siden 1990. Konsentrasjonen av total fosfor (tot-P) var innenfor tilstandsklasse god ved alle stasjonene, men har vært høyere i perioden 2009-2017 enn i perioden 2002-2008. Dette skyldes periodevis store tilførsler av næringsstoffer fra nedbørfeltet, spesielt i forbindelse med flommer både i 2011, 2013, 2014 og 2016. Samlet sett vurderes Mjøsas miljøtilstand som god i iht. vannforskriften i 2017. Sett i forhold til lokale miljømål, som er noe strengere, var siktedypet og konsentrasjonen av tot-P innenfor miljømålet. Flere av tilløpselvene hadde i 2017 høye konsentrasjoner av total nitrogen (tot-N) og tarmbakterier, mens konsentrasjonene av tot-P var generelt lave.Vassdragsforbundet for Mjøsa med tilløpselverpublishedVersio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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