1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Etude et développement du processus tandem réaction de Diels-Alder/réarrangement de Ireland-Claisen: application à la synthèse de la juvabione
Full text linkThèse de doctorat : Université de Neuchâtel : 2002 ; 1626La longueur d'une synthèse est déterminée par l'augmentation de la complexité structurelle apportée par chaque opération synthétique. Combiner plusieurs transformations chimiques en une seule réaction dite 'one pot', s'est révélé être une des meilleures stratégies pour réduire le nombre de pas de synthèse et augmenter l'efficacité du schéma synthétique [2]. Un des sujets d'intérêts de notre groupe est de développer de nouveaux processus tandem avec la séquences cycloaddition de Diels-Alder suivie d'un réarrangement sigmatropique [3,3]. Une telle réaction présentant la séquence réaction de Diels-Alder/ réarrangement sigmatropique [3,3] de Ireland-Claisen a été développée à partir de O-butadiènyle-O-silyls cétènes acétals 89 [3]. Ce procédé consiste en une suite de deux réactions hautement sélectives: une réaction de cycloaddition de type Diels-Alder suivie d'un réarrangement [3,3] sigmatropique de type Ireland-Claisen et permet, en une étape, la formation de trois liaisons carbone-carbone et l'introduction de quatre centres de chiralité dont un centre exocyclique. Le but de ce travail a été d'étudier et développer ce nouveau processus tandem afin de l'appliquer à la synthèse totale du produit naturel, la Juvabione: composé présentant une activité inhibitrice de l'hormone de jouvence chez les insectes, ce qui lui confère des propriétés insecticides puissantes. Ce travail s'est organisé autour de trois grands axes de recherche. Le premier a été de développer des synthèses efficaces, versatiles, stéréosélectives et faiblement toxiques des esters de (E)-butadiènyle 88 et des (Z)-silyls cétènes acétals 89 correspondants. Ces derniers ont ensuite été engagés avec différents diènophiles dans le processus tandem afin d'estimer leur réactivité et d'étudier l'influence des substituants sur la sélectivité. Le deuxième a été l'étude mécanistique du processus tandem lui-même. Cette étude a été effectuée en collaboration avec le groupe de chimie théorique du Prof. K.N. Houk de l'Université de Californie, Los Angeles. Elle a apporté des réponses cruciales sur le mécanisme des réarrangements de type Ireland-Claisen, notamment pourquoi l'état de transition bateau est, dans certains cas, préféré à l'état de transition chaise couramment observé [4]. Finalement, le troisième a été le développement synthétique et l'application du processus tandem à la synthèse totale de (+)-Juvabione 50. Pour cela, une première synthèse non sélective de la (rac.)-Juvabione 50 et de la (rac.)-Epijuvabione 51 a été développée [5] comme preuve de l'applicabilité du concept. Puis, une synthèse diastéréosélective de la (±)-Juvabione 50 a été effectuée et finalement une voie d'accès pour une version énantiosélective de la (-) ou de la (+)-Juvabione 50 a été explorée, The length of a synthesis is determinated by the increase of complexity achieved per synthetic operation. Combining several transformations into a one-pot reaction has proven to be an excellent strategy to increase the efficiency of organic synthesis [2]. In our group, we work on the development of new tandem reactions with the sequence Diels-Alder cycloaddition / [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement. Such a reaction was developed starting from O-butadiènyl-O-silyls ketenes acetals 89 [3]. This process combines two highly stereoselective reactions: a Diels-Alder cycloaddition followed by an [3,3] Ireland-Claisen sigmatropic rearrangement. With the tandem reaction, three new carbon-carbon bonds can be formed in high diastereoselectivity and four chiral centers are introduced simultaneously, one of them being exocyclic. The purpose of this work was to study and develop this new tandem process in order to apply it to the total synthesis of a natural, the Juvabione. This compound shows insects juvenile hormone activity and therefore possesses strong insecticide proprieties. This work is organized into three main chapters. The first one presents the development of an efficient, versatile, stereoselective and less toxic synthesis of the (E)-butadienyl esters 88 and of the corresponding (E)-butadienyl ketene acetals 89. Our aim was focused on the factors involved in the preference for a boat or a chair transition state in the Ireland-Claisen sigmatropic rearrangement and the consequence on the selectivity. This study was achieved in collaboration with the theoretical chemistry group of Prof. K.N. Houk at the University of California, Los Angeles. This theoretical study presents crucial answers about why boat transition states are sometimes preferred in the Ireland-Claisen rearrangement rather than the chair transition states usually observed [4]. Finally, a synthetic application of our new tandem process was applied toward the total synthesis of the (+)-Juvabione. As proof of principle, a first non-selective synthesis of the (rac.)-Juvabione 50 and (rac.)-Epijuvabione 51 was achieved [5]. Then a diastereoselective way to synthesis (±)-Juvabione 50 was developed and at the end a enantioselective route to obtain the (-) or the (+)-Juvabione 50 was explore
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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