1,720,967 research outputs found
Fragility curves and seismic demand hazard analysis of rocking walls restrained with elasto‐plastic ties
No full textThe dynamic stability of out-of-plane masonry walls can be assessed through non-linear dynamic analysis (rocking analysis), accounting for transverse walls, horizontal diaphragms and tie-rods. Steel tie-rods are widely spread in historical constructions to prevent dangerous overturning mechanisms and can be simulated by proper elasto-plastic models. Conventionally, design guidelines suggest intensity-based assessment methods, where the seismic demand distribution directly depends upon the selected intensity measure level. Fragility analysis could also be employed as a more advanced procedure able to assess the seismic vulnerability in a probabilistic manner. The boundedness of this approach is herein overcome by applying a robust stochastic seismic performance assessment to obtain seismic demand hazard curves. A sensitivity study is carried out to account for the influence of wall geometry, the minimum number of seismic inputs, and the mechanical parameters of tie-rods. Fragility analysis, prior to seismic demand hazard analysis is applied on over 6000 analyses, revealing that intensity measures are poorly correlated both for 1-D and 2-D correlation, hardly leading to the selection of the optimal intensity measure. The tie-rod ductility, followed by its axial strength and wall size, is the mechanical parameter mostly influencing the results, whereas the wall slenderness does not play a significant role in the probabilistic response
Influence of Stiffness and Damping Parameters of Passive Seismic Control Devices in One-Sided Rocking of Masonry Walls
No full textThis paper analyzes the influence of horizontal damped and undamped restraints in terms of the amplification of the response of rocking masonry walls subjected to seismic excitations. It also makes a practical contribution to the design of antiseismic devices conceived to control rocking motion, avoiding or at least limiting undesirable response amplifications that would lead to local or global failure. A horizontal restraint, simulating an elastoplastic steel tie-rod, was coupled with a damper, whose action is included in a proposed equation of motion. Parametric analyses were performed for three typical façades of masonry buildings, showing that, if the stiffness of tie-rod increases, the seismic vulnerability of a rocking façade is not necessarily reduced. Therefore, the calculation of rocking spectra is recommended in order to identify stiffness ranges in which amplification could occur. A simple method for calculating the design damping coefficient of a shock absorber is proposed and the consequent mitigation of vulnerability is demonstrated in various analysis configurations. Graphs plotting time-dependent ratios between the energy dissipated by the shock absorber and the seismic input energy are shown to be a useful tool for quantifying the effectiveness of the shock absorber itself in dissipating energy. The reduction of these time-dependent ratios occasionally observed for specific earthquake time ranges reveals that adverse frequencies are occasionally present in seismic excitation and allows for the identification of the optimal damping coefficient
One-Sided rocking analysis of corner mechanisms in masonry structures: Influence of geometry, energy dissipation, boundary conditions
Full text linkThe corner mechanism in masonry structures is one of the out-of-plane modes that may fre-quently occur under dynamic actions such as earthquakes. The three dimensional motion, in principle complex to treat, can be simplified into a two-dimensional problem, where a pris-matic equivalent block is associated to the corner mechanism. This paper provides a method to treat the corner mechanism in two dimensional rocking analysis, taking into account the roof actions – especially the roof thrust that acts as destabilizing force in the preliminary phases of motion – and the boundary conditions such as the transverse walls. A case study is taken as benchmark to perform rocking non-linear analyses and discuss the role of geometry, energy dissipation and boundary conditions. It is shown the relevant influence of the geometry and of the coefficient of restitution on the stability conditions, whenever the oscillation pro-duce horizontal displacement values of some cm. The results of the case study, subjected to the Central Italy earthquake, are compared to the actual response of the corner mechanism, which collapsed during this seismic swarm, showing that the rocking analysis on the equiva-lent block correctly predicts the collapse occurred
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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