1,720,961 research outputs found
New picobiin mites (Acari: Syringophilidae: Picobiinae) associated with woodcreeper birds (Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptidae)
No full textSkoracki, Maciej, Solarczyk, Piotr (2012): New picobiin mites (Acari: Syringophilidae: Picobiinae) associated with woodcreeper birds (Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptidae). Zootaxa 3406: 59-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21279
First Molecular Detection of Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B in a Free-Living European Wildcat (Felis s. silvestris) from Luxembourg
No full textSolarczyk, Piotr, Osten-Sacken, Natalia, Frantz, Alain C., Schneider, Simone, Pir, Jacques B., Heddergott, Mike (2019): First Molecular Detection of Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B in a Free-Living European Wildcat (Felis s. silvestris) from Luxembourg. Acta Protozoologica 58 (1): 1-5, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.19.001.10832, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.19.001.1083
Presence of potential pathogenic genotypes of free-living amoebae isolated from sandboxes in children's playgrounds
No full textCholewiński, Marcin, Solarczyk, Piotr, Derda, Monika, Wojtkowiak-Giera, Agnieszka, Hadaś, Edward (2015): Presence of potential pathogenic genotypes of free-living amoebae isolated from sandboxes in children's playgrounds. Folia Parasitologica (064) 62: 1-5, DOI: 10.14411/fp.2015.064, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2015.06
New Primers for Fast Detection of Giardia duodenalis Assemblages A and B Using Real-time PCR
Full text linkSolarczyk, Piotr, Wojtkowiak-Giera, Agnieszka, Hołysz, Marcin, Słodkowicz-Kowalska, Anna, Jagodziński, Paweł P., Stojecki, Krzysztof, Rocka, Anna, Majewska, Anna C., Skrzypczak, Łukasz (2018): New Primers for Fast Detection of Giardia duodenalis Assemblages A and B Using Real-time PCR. Acta Protozoologica 57 (1): 43-48, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.18.003.8397, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/7aba2f6e-e1ea-3142-9412-7b469479f583
Cyclospora Schneider 1881
No full textDrawbacks of <i>Cyclospora</i> molecular diagnostic in animals <p> As a result of the limitation of the microscopic assay, molecular-based methods have been developed for the detection of <i>Cyclospora</i> in various type of samples to assess infection risk (Chacín-Bonilla 2008; Kitajima <i>et al.</i> 2014; Lalonde <i>et al.</i> 2016). To establish a reliable zoonotic outcome, microscopic analysis must be supported by molecular results. Because the pathogen is usually present in very low numbers in fecal samples, the detection is a very challenging task. In humans, molecular assays for <i>Cyclospora</i> detection are primarily dependent on the quality and purity of the genetic material, so <i>a priori</i> choice of DNA extraction method to isolate parasite genetic material from animals is a crucial step as well (da Silva <i>et al.</i> 1999; Qvarnstrom <i>et al.</i> 2015; Paulos <i>et al.</i> 2016; Qvarnstrom <i>et al.</i> 2018). To date, the data of differences in usability of commercially available DNA extraction kits in animals fecal samples is restricted. To overcome current molecular genotyping problems, three genetic loci such a region within the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA), the 70 kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP 70) gene, and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (Sulaiman <i>et al.</i> 2013; Olivier <i>et al.</i> 2001) were primarily developed to improved detection <i>C. cayetanensis</i> DNA in human fecal samples. According to the literature, SSU-rDNA and ITS gene fragments were used for <i>Cyclospora</i> typing in animals (Relman <i>et al.</i> 1996; 30 Zhao <i>et al.</i> 2013). However, some caution should be required as the <i>C. cayetanensis</i> populations may be heterogeneous. The pathogen is a sexually reproducing organism and any isolate may have genetically heterogeneous sequences. Through this process, sporozoites in a single sporocyst are thought to be genetically identical, while the sporocysts in a single oocyst can be genetically distinct (Shirley <i>et al.</i> 1996; Mzilahowa <i>et al.</i> 2007). Therefore, one <i>Cyclospora</i> oocyst is heterozygous, possessing up to two alleles for any given marker and amplicons may vary in their sequences. New genotyping information for <i>C. cayetanensis</i>, derived from mitochondrial genome markers, should be helpful in animal source tracking studies. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is the best technique for such studies (Nascimento <i>et al.</i> 2019; Houghton <i>et al.</i> 2020, Cinar <i>et al</i>. 2020).</p> <p> <b>NGS shotgun, metabarcoding and commercially available diagnostic test</b></p> <p> Progress on the improvement of emerging molecular tools to <i>Cyclospora</i> DNA detection has been observed but it is mostly fronted for humans (Qvarnstrom <i>et al.</i> 2018). Recent advances in modern sequencing technologies and availability of efficient software led to complete <i>C. cayetanensis</i> mitochondrial and apicoplast genomes (Cinar <i>et al.</i> 2015, Cinar <i>et al.</i> 2016, Ogedengbe <i>et al.</i> 2015; Cama and Ortega 2018). The new NGS strategy used on deep sequencing platforms gains from the increasing availability, speed, and decreasing costs. In general, it is based on two approaches. The first is shotgun metagenomics, which profiles the entire microbial diversity consisting of both pathogenic and neutral microbiome of the host. This technique demands the knowledge of partial or whole <i>Cyclospora</i> reference genome, which is then compared to the shotgun data following quality processing, curation, and assembly datasets. The shotgun method may be promising to identify and develop novel target loci of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> (Qvarnstrom <i>et al.</i> 2015). The whole genome of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> is estimated to be 44 megabase pairs with ~7500 genes (Liu <i>et al.</i> 2016). <i>Cyclospora</i> mitochondrial genome is ~6200 base pairs (bp) in length, whereas the circular apicoplast genome is ~34,000 bp and encodes complete machinery for protein synthesis. The second NGS approach is based on metabarcoding of the small ribosomal RNA subunit (18S), which targets predefined domains using specific primers. This NGS system seems to be extremely useful in terms of the development of new <i>Cyclospora</i> diagnostic assays (Qvarnstrom <i>et al.</i> 2015; Nascimento <i>et al.</i> 2016; Liu <i>et al.</i> 2016). Cinar and coworkers described NGS molecular typing of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> identifying potential genomic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and insertion-deletions that could theoretically be used for <i>Cyclospora</i> detection and pathogen subtyping in clinical samples (Cinar <i>et al.</i> 2020). These promising results were obtained by typing the mitochondrial genome. It was suggested that the diversity of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> and could be used to link outbreaks or even single infection cases to a source. Multicopy and linear mitochondrial genomic sequences observed in <i>C. cayetanensis</i> may also be used for the detection and genotyping of other <i>Cyclospora</i> species (Cinar <i>et al.</i> 2015; Qvarnstrom <i>et al.</i> 2018).</p> <p> The development of rapid diagnostic molecular tests has improved the detection of various protozoan pathogens thanks to higher throughput capacity (Verweij and Verweij 2014). Besides user-friendly software and equipment independence, the ultimate goal of such tests should be better affordability, sensitivity and specificity. Currently, the BioFire FilmArray panel is the only commercially available product capable of detecting <i>C. cayetanensis</i> in addition to 22 enteropathogenic agents (including four protozoan species). Buss and coworkers described the sensitivity and specificity of this test during a cyclosporiasis outbreak in the USA (Buss <i>et al.</i> 2013). In another study, over one and half thousand clinical stool samples were analyzed, showing that the sensitivity and specificity of this test for <i>C. cayetanensis</i> was 100% (Buss <i>et al.</i> 2015; Murphy <i>et al.</i> 2019). Up to now, no reports were published on the use of this commercial test to analyze samples from animals.</p>Published as part of <i>Solarczyk, Piotr, 2021, Host Range of Cyclospora Species: Zoonotic Implication, pp. 13-20 in Acta Protozoologica 60</i> on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.21.002.14062, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/11148816">http://zenodo.org/record/11148816</a>
Rafapicobia lepidocolaptesi Skoracki & Solarczyk, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textRafapicobia lepidocolaptesi sp. nov. (Figs. 13–19) NON-PHYSOGASTRIC FEMALE, holotype. Total body length 445 (405–425 in 3 paratypes). Gnathosoma. Each medial branch of peritremes with 4 chambers, each lateral branch short, with ill-defined chambers. Movable cheliceral digit edentate in posterior part. Stylophore 120 (120–130) long. Idiosoma. Propodonotal shield entire, shirtlike, minutely punctate on whole surface, bearing bases of setae vi, ve, si, se and c 1. Length ratio of setae vi: ve: si 1: 2: 2.7. Setae c 1 and se situated at same transverse level. Pygidial shield well developed, surface minutely punctate. Setae f 2 5.5–7 times longer than f 1. Setae f 1 1.7–2 times longer than h 1. Setae h 2 more than 30 times longer than h 1. Two aggenital plates weakly sclerotized, bearing bases of setae ag 1 in posterior part or bases of these setae situated near these plates. Aggenital setae ag 1 situated anterior to level of setae ag 2. Setae ag 1 and ag 3 subequal in length, each more than 10 times longer than ag 2. Two pairs of pseudanal setae and 1 pair of genital setae short and subequal in length. All coxal fields well sclerotized. Setae 3 c 2.5 times longer than 3 b. Setae vi, ve, si strongly beaded, c 1, c 2, se, d 1, d 2, and e 2 lightly beaded. Legs. Most of dorsal and lateral setae of legs I–IV lightly beaded. Antaxial and paraxial members of claws III and IV subequal in size. Setae tc" of legs III–IV about 1.5–1.6 times longer than tc'III–IV. Lengths of setae: vi 35 (25 – 25), ve 70 (55), si 95 (80–90), se (130–150), c 1 (175–190), c 2 (170–175), d 1 135 (105–115), d 2 185 (175–195), e 2 150 (120–140), f 1 7 (7–12), f 2 70 (55–65), h 1 7 (10), h 2 360 (330), ps 1, ps 2 7 (7–10), g 1 13 (10–15), ag 1 135 (115), ag 2 10 (10), ag 3 125, tc'III– IV 35 (30), tc" III–IV 55 (55–65), 3 b 35 (30), 4 b 40 (35), 3 c (75), 4 c 85 (80), l'RIII 25 (25), l'RIV 20 (20). PHYSOGASTRIC FEMALE. Body bulb-shaped outline. Morphology of body and legs similar to non-physogastric form. MALE. Total body length 310 in 1 paratype. Gnathosoma. Hypostomal apex tapering. Each lateral branch with ill-defined chambers. Idiosoma. Propodonotal shield entire, bearing all propodonotal setae except c 2. All propodonotal setae lightly beaded. Length ratio of setae vi: ve: si 1: 2.8: 3.5. Setae c 1 and se situated at same transverse level. Hysteronotal shield well sclerotized, entire, not fused to pygidial shield, bearing bases of setae d 1 and e 2. Setae d 2 5.3 times longer than e 2. Pygidial shield well developed. Setae h 2 more than 10 times longer than f 2. Two large aggenital plates situated close to one another, bases of setae ag 1 situated on posterior margin of these shields. Legs. Most of dorsal and lateral setae of legs I–IV lightly beaded. Antaxial and paraxial members of claws III and IV subequal in size. Lengths of setae: vi 20, ve 55, si 70, se 100, c 1 100, c 2 105, d 2 80, e 2 15, f 2 15, h 2 170. Etymology. The name of this species refers to the generic name of the host— Lepidocolaptes. Type material. Female holotype (non-physogastric form) and paratypes: 3 females (non-physogastric form), 2 females (physogastric form) and 1 male from Lepidocolaptes affinis (Lafresnaye) (Dendrocolaptidae); ECUA- DOR: Guale, coll. W. Schroeter. Host specimen deposited in the ZSM. Mites removed by M. Skoracki. Type material deposited. All material is deposited in the AMU (Reg. No. AMU–SYR. 381), except 1 female paratype (non-physogastric form) in the ZSM (Reg. No. ZSM 20112015). Additional material. From type host species: 3 females (non-physogastric form), 5 females (physogastric form), 1 male, 6 nymphs, 2 larvae; VENEZUELA: Cerro El Avila, 12 October 1913, coll. S.M. Klages. Host specimen deposited in the ZSM. Mites removed by M. Skoracki. All mite material is deposited in the AMU (Reg. No. AMU–SYR. 381 B), except 1 female (physogastric form) in the ZISP (Reg. No. ZISP AVB 011– 2908 –014). From Lepidocolaptes souleyetii (Des Murs) (Dendrocolaptidae); 2 females (non-physogastric form), 8 females (physogastric form), 1 male, 3 nymphs, 3 larvae, 7 eggs; COLOMBIA: Bogota, no other data. Host specimen deposited in the ZSM. Mites removed by M. Skoracki. All mite material is deposited in the AMU (Reg. No. AMU–SYR. 382) except 1 female (physogastric form) in the ZSM (Reg. No. ZSM 20112017) and 1 female (physogastric form) in the ZISP (ZISP AVB 011– 2908 –015). Differential diagnosis. R. lepidocolaptesi is closely related to above described species by the presence of the entire propodonotal shield and the punctate pygidial shield in females, and by presence of the aggenital plate in males. These two species are distinguished by the following characters: in females of R. lepidocolaptesi, the hysteronotal shields are absent; the aggenital plates are present; the lengths of setae f 1 and f 2 are 7–12 and 55–70, respectively; the length ratio of setae vi and ve is 1: 2; in males the aggenital plate is divided longitudinally. In females of R. dendrocolaptesi, two small hysteronotal shields are present around bases of setae d 1; the aggenital plates are absent; the lengths of setae f 1 and f 2 are 20–25 and 100–135, respectively; the length ratio of setae vi and ve is 1: 1.3–1.6; in males the aggenital plate is entire.Published as part of Skoracki, Maciej & Solarczyk, Piotr, 2012, New picobiin mites (Acari: Syringophilidae: Picobiinae) associated with woodcreeper birds (Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptidae), pp. 59-66 in Zootaxa 3406 on pages 62-65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21279
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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