1,720,981 research outputs found
Dental health effects adverse childhood experiences on U.S. adults: BRFSS 2010-2012
Full text linkOBJECTIVE: To examine association between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and
teeth extracted due to dental caries or periodontitis among young and middle-aged US
adults.
METHODS: Study sample included 15,474 and 17,430 respondents aged 18-64 completing
2010 and 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey
respectively. Outcome was any self-reported tooth extraction due to caries or
periodontitis. Primary predictor were self-reported 11 ACE answers (categorized into
none, 1, 2, and 3+) before 18 years of age. Covariates included smoking, heavy alcohol
consumption, diabetes, health coverage and access to dental care. Odds ratios were
computed from unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models.
RESULTS: Overall ACE prevalence was 66.5% and 64.9% in BRFSS 2010 and 2012 study
sample respectively. In unadjusted models we observed a graded association wherein
adults reporting experienced 2 and 3+ ACE were more likely to experience tooth
extractions compared to those reporting no ACE exposure. (BRFSS 2010 OR =
1.47,1.48; BRFSS 2012 OR = 1.33, 1.54 respectively; p<0.05). We found similar results
in multivariate models after adjusting for covariates (BRFSS 2010 OR = 1.56,1.34;
BRFSS 2012 OR = 1.36, 1.42 respectively; p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests potential long lasting impact of early adverse life
events on oral health in young and middle adulthood. Young and middle-aged adults
experiencing multiple ACE had significantly more extractions compared to adults who
reported not experiencing any ACE. Multidisciplinary efforts between dentists,
physicians and social therapists are needed to raise awareness about ACE as means of
identifying and reducing dental health inequities.2020-06-13T00:00:00
Oral health and dental services utilization of children with learning disabilities
Full text linkOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the oral health, caregivers’ perception of oral health, and dental services utilization among children with learning disabilities (LD).
METHODS: We used the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 data to investigate the oral health and caregivers’ perception of oral health among children with LD alone, ADHD alone, and LD with ADHD. We used the National Survey of Children’s Health 2011-2012 data to examine dental services utilization and unmet dental needs among children with LD alone, non-LD CSHCN, and LD CSHCN.
RESULTS: Children with LD alone have greater likelihood of having dental caries in permanent dentition compared to non-LD, non-ADHD children (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.2), while the likelihood of dental caries in permanent dentition among children with combined LD and ADHD is much greater (OR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.3-2.7). Caregivers of children with LD, ADHD, and LD with ADHD perceived their oral health to be poorer when compared to non-LD, non-ADHD (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.8, OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.0, OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.1, respectively). The accuracy of caregivers’ assessments of their children’s oral health was lower among those with LD, ADHD, and LD with ADHD children. Children with ADHD alone had the least accurate caregivers’ perception (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.8). Children with LD alone were less likely to have a dental visit within the past year, whether for preventive visit (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5- 0.9) or any other dental visits (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5- 0.9). While LD severity did not impact dental visit receipt, children with moderate to severe LD have higher unmet dental needs than non-LD and mild-LD (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3- 2.5).
CONCLUSION: Children with learning disabilities have significant oral health needs and are at a greater risk for dental disease. Despite that, children with LD are less likely to utilize preventive and other dental services. Future interventions need to target this vulnerable population to improve their oral health and reduce these disparities
The effect of diet drinks on oral health among US children and adults: cluster analysis
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Dental caries erosion are both multifactorial diseases. One common factor for both diseases is acid attack on dental enamel. Some beverages contain both erosive acids and cariogenic carbohydrates, thus, promoting both types of disease. Previous literature has examined beverages as single source exposures, despite the fact that beverage consumption is a complex process that contains several beverage. A few studies have examined the patterns of beverage consumption and dental caries in both children and adults. These studies found a significant positive relationship between sugar sweetened beverages consumption and caries. These studies did not differentiate between regular and diet soda, so the relationship between diet/low calorie sweetener drinks and dental caries is not established. In contrast with caries, the association between beverage consumption patterns and erosion has not been studied before.
OBJECTIVES: Examine the effect of diet drinks on dental caries and erosion among a representative sample of US children and adults.
METHODS: All analyses conducted using cluster analysis to account for the complexity of beverage consumption and to better understand the effect of different consumption patterns on the dentition. NHANES data was used to be able to generalize the results to the US population.
RESULTS: In children, we managed to define 6 different clusters including: water, milk, juice drinks, 100% juice, soda, and diet drinks. None of the clusters demonstrated statistically significant associations with dental caries. While individuals with high soda consumption had the highest caries risk, diet drinks had no effect on dental caries. On the other hand, adults were grouped into 4 distinct clusters: water, soda, diet drinks, and coffee/tea. The diet drinks cluster was not associated with higher DMFT score, while high soda consumption demonstrated increased DMFT. In contrast, high diet drinks consumption increased the risk for erosion, although this relationship was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: This dissertation showed that diet drinks are not associated with dental disease. While we can not recommend consuming these drinks based on this one cross sectional study, we believe that more studies should be conducted so that we can draw a final conclusion regarding oral disease and diet drinks.2022-10-24T00:00:00
End of life dental service utilization by geriatric patients in a long-term care setting
Full text linkOBJECTIVE: To understand dental service utilization by frail older adults residing in a long-term care (LTC) setting in the last two years of their life. To understand the types of dental services utilized by this demographic, the frequency of utilization and determine the characteristics that may be predictors of ‘higher dental service utilization’.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by an electronic chart review of all LTC patients at two sites who died between 11/1/2014 - 12/30/2016 and had a dental visit in the two-year period prior to death, resulting in a sample of 369 patients. Based on the number of dental appointments attended prior to death, the patients were categorized into five groups: 0,1-2,3-5,6-9 and10 or more appointments. A multivariate logistic regression model was created to identify the factors associated with higher dental service utilization.
RESULT: The study found that 84% of patients who died in the study period, utilized on-site dental services in the last two years of their life. Approximately 66% had 3 or more dental appointments. Diagnostic and preventive procedures were most commonly utilized (utilized by 81% and 73% of patients respectively). Multivariate analysis suggested that dentate patients and patients wearing removable dental prosthesis were about 7 and 12 times more likely respectively to have a higher utilization of dental services (OR=6.5 and OR=11.7). Medicaid beneficiaries were more likely (OR=1.9) to have a higher utilization of dental services than the others.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a large percentage of frail older adults utilized dental services even in the last years of their lives when given access to these services. As people are living longer and retaining their teeth longer, there is a rising need and subsequent demand for end-of-life dental services. Certain administrative and policy implementation strategies need to be developed to provide dental services to LTC patients in the last years of their lives
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Fluid consumption and fluoride intake among children in the United States: Implications for water fluoridation *policy.
No full textCurrent standards for water fluoridation in the U.S. have stood since 1962. Research on which current public policy is based was conducted in the 1940s and 50s. Since the 1980s, declines in dental caries and an increase in dental fluorosis have been observed. The literature indicates that children today are ingesting more fluoride than in the past. This dissertation aimed to evaluate assumptions pertaining to water fluoridation, with a focus on the fluid consumption among children in the U.S. Specific aims are: (1) to evaluate the relationship between fluid consumption among children and local climate, (2) to investigate the relationship of fluid consumption patterns and sociodemographic factors, (3) to estimate fluoride intake and to identify population groups with a risk of high fluoride intake, based on the fluid consumption patterns. A secondary analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988--1994) was conducted. Fluid consumption data was from a 24-hour dietary recall survey. Data for local climate from the US National Climatic Data Center was incorporated. Cluster analysis was conducted using SAS to determine fluid consumption patterns. Fluoride intake was estimated using assumptions of fluoride concentrations in drinking water and beverages. SUDAAN was used to adjust standard errors for the complex sampling design. This dissertation found that; (1) there is no evidence that fluid consumption is significantly related to local climate in modern conditions, (2) age, sex, race/ethnicity, and SES are significantly associated with children's fluid consumption patterns, (3) the amount of fluoride intake may vary greatly depending on fluid consumption patterns and sociodemographic characteristics. From the results, it is suggested that; (1) the current national temperature-related guidelines for fluoride concentration in drinking water may be due for re-evaluation, (2) fluid consumption patterns and sociodemographic factors should be considered in future research and public policy making for fluoride use, (3) the possibility of additional risk of fluorosis with supplement use should be recognized, and (4) a regulation to require the labeling of the fluoride content in beverages would help parents and health care providers to make informed decisions on their children's risk of fluorosis.Doctor of Public Health (DPH)DentistryHealth and Environmental SciencesPublic administrationPublic healthSocial SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, School of Public Healthhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/132523/2/9974997.pd
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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