1,721,290 research outputs found
Detection of C-V2X Spoofing Attacks using Physical Layer Features and Graph Neural Networks
No full textCellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) communication underpins intelligent transportation systems but remains susceptible to spoofing attacks that inject false information, compromising safety and reliability. While traditional cryptographic security verifies sender credentials, it cannot assure the veracity of message content if credentials are compromised. Physical Layer Security (PLS) provides a complementary defense by analyzing inherent wireless signal characteristics. This paper details the implementation and simulation of an SDR-DL (Software-Defined Radio and Deep Learning) framework for C-V2X spoofing detection, inspired by recent research. The Pythonbased simulation, utilizing TensorFlow/Keras for the Position-Change Detector (PCD) and PyTorch Geometric for the Graph Neural Network (GNN), demonstrates the framework's feasibility, achieving high detection accuracy for the modeled spoofing scenarios based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) patterns. We discuss implementation details, highlight challenges including data requirements and computational complexity, and propose future research directions such as multi-feature fusion and explainable AI integration
An SDR-Based Framework for Cybersecurity Assessment of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Systems
No full textIn the realm of Vehicle-to-Everything systems and vehicular ad-hoc networks, unique characteristics such as high data speeds and bandwidth requirements distinguish them from conventional wireless technologies. Effective transmission and reception of critical Cooperative Awareness Messages and safety data necessitate advanced hardware and software capable of handling substantial message volumes efficiently. This makes it difficult to assess the vulnerabilities of the system, in particular for non-proprietary parties. For this purpose, with a particular focus on wireless communication channels, a framework based on Software Defined Radio technology is presented to assess vulnerabilities and evaluate the profound security of Vehicle-to-Everything network communications between On Board Unit and Road Side Unit for implications of unauthorized interception and manipulation of vital vehicle data by individuals situated near highways. The paper raises pertinent questions about the security level of Vehicle-to-Everything communications and focuses on the importance of robust cybersecurity measures in safeguarding Vehicle-to-Everything systems against potential threats and ensuring the integrity and safety of vehicular communication channels
Characteristics of weld pool behavior in laser welding with various power inputs
No full textThis paper investigates the numerical simulations of multi-kilowatt disk laser and fiber laser welding, ranging from 6 to 18 kW to study the behavior of molten pool in 20-mm-thick steel plate by using Volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) method and several mathematical models like Gaussian heat source, recoil pressure, Marangoni flow, buoyancy force, and additional shear stress and heat source due to the metallic vapor. Vortex flow pattern is observed for higher laser power except for 6-kW case, and the higher the laser power, the bigger the vortex flow pattern. Welding speed has an influence on molten pool in terms of depth of penetration and size of molten pool, but overall shape of molten pool remains the same. The reasons for the vortex flow pattern in high-power laser welding are the absorption of more energy at the bottom of keyhole, which promotes more liquid metal at the bottom, while for lower power with lower speed, the melt formation is more uniform in the thickness direction and most of the molten metal in the lower part of keyhole reaches the top of molten pool, and consequently, no vortex flow pattern is observed in the keyhole bottom.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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