143 research outputs found
Compaction performance analysis of alum sludge waste modified soil
No full textSustainable construction is one of the ultimate requirements of the engineering field. Addition of waste materials not only contribute to the improvement of the density of soils but also help in the enhancement of its strength properties. In the field, compaction is achieved by compactors and rollers, which consumes a lot of energy for this purpose. In this study, two methods related to compaction energy have been applied to study the relation of compaction energy with the strength of soil before and after addition of alum sludge as a soil stabilizer. An advanced Artificial Neural Networks (ANN5) technique has been applied with reference to the addition of alum sludge percentage, plasticity index, specific gravity, optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, AASHTO classification, USCS classification, and group index. It was found that soil strength can be improved even at a low compaction energy level of 600KN-m/m(3) by the addition of optimum percentage of 8% alum sludge as a soil stabilizer. So, roller compaction effort can also be reduced by addition of this soil stabilizer to save compaction cost i.e. saving of roller fuel consumption and rental cost as well. This study will not only help in environment-friendly construction but will also manage finance by utilization of optimum compaction energy in the mega projects.Shah, SAR (reprint author), Pakistan Inst Engn & Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Khanewal Rd, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
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A new variant of Jensen inclusion and Hermite-Hadamard type inclusions for interval-valued functions
No full textIn this research, we give a new version of Jensen inclusion for interval-valued functions, which is called Jensen-Mercer inclusion. Moreover, we establish some new inclusions of the Hermite-Hadamard-Mercer type for interval-valued functions. Finally, we give some applications of newly established inequalities to make them more interesting for the readers. © 2023, University of Nis. All rights reserved.Suan Dusit University, SDU: N42A650384; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 11971241; National Research Council of Thailand, NRCT2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 26D10, 26A51, 26D15. Keywords. Hermite–Hadamard inequality; Jensen-inequality; Convex interval-valued functions. Received: 15 July 2022; Accepted: 21 December 2022 Communicated by Dragan S. Djordjevi? This project is funded by National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) and Suan Dusit University: N42A650384. This research was also partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 11971241. * Corresponding author: Muhammad Aamir Ali Email addresses: thanin [email protected] (Thanin Sitthiwirattham), [email protected] (Ifra Bashir Sial), [email protected] (Muhammad Aamir Ali), [email protected] (Hüseyin Budak), [email protected] (Jiraporn Reunsumrit
ادبی تحقیق میں مکتوبات کی موضوعاتی اہمیت
No full textLetters are the main source for literary research, biography and social history, The importance of letters is attributed to the well-known personality. Celebrity letters have a distinct social and historical status. The letters cover the correspondent's individual problems as well as the collective psychology of the period. Letters are very important literary research, social research and political research. The letters are of equal importance to a literary research and social researcher. Mirza Ghalib, Rajab Ali Sarwer, Maulvi Nazir Ahmad, Sir Sayyed, Abul Kalam Azad, Prem Chand, Allama Iqbal, Hasrat Mohani, Muhammad Ali Johar, Abdulhaq and other literary figures in Urdu literature have literary, political, socioeconomic and religious importance. The letters of the aforementioned are the main source of literature in literary research. The letter has many facets. Literary researcher can get material from them with his research point of view. The author's biography, habits, manners, attitudes and lifestyle can be viewed in private letters. From the political lines one can know his political life, political ideology, political situation and events and the political scenario of the same era,such as Hasrat Mohani and Zafar Ali Khan's letters. For example, Ghalib's letters are a political and social statement of this era. Prison letters revea the prisoner aspect of the author's life, like the letters of Faiz Ahmad Faiz. Letters written to woman (like girlfriend, wife) highlight some aspects of her romantic life, such as Shibli and Iqbal's letters. Religious letters can shed light on the author's religious beliefs and ideas,such as those of Abdul Majid Daryabadi, Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi and Ashraf Ali Thananwi. The letters describe the author's financial situation. So this article will highlight the importance of letters differnet facets. This article will provide thematic explanation of letters in literary research
Effect of Deposition Cycles on the Properties of ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Spin Coating Method for CZTS-based Solar Cells
No full text[EN] The spin-coating technique was used to make ZnO thin films in this study. To get various thicknesses of ZnO thin film on FTO substrate, the numbers of spin coatings were changed, 2,4,6,8, and 10 times. The polycrystalline character of the ZnO film can be seen in all of the XRD samples. The more strong peaks exist on (100), (002) and (101) at two theta degrees 34.14, 34.84 and 36.68, respectively. The effect of different deposition cycles was evaluated based on the surface homogeneity. The ZnO deposited by 8 and 10 cycles showed a dense and smooth surface with good crystallinity and roughness with no holes. The estimated band gap for as-deposited ZnO films is 1.73-2.35 eV with increasing deposition cycles. As we annealed the samples at 450 degrees C for 45 min, the variation in the band was observed from 3.24 to 3.29 eV. Hence the annealing also played an essential role in the band gap variation. To check the effect of cycles on solar cell performance, a simulation software SCAPS-1D was used. We proposed a solar cell of model "Back. Contact/CZTS/CdS/ZnO/Front.Contact/Glass" used in the simulation.Author Amal Bouich acknowledged the post-doctoral contract supported by the RRHH, the Postdoctoral contract the Margarita Salas financed with union European Next Generation EU. This research has been funded by Grant PID2019-107137RB-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe". Author Muhammad Aamir Shafi acknowledged the "Higher Education Commission of Pakistan", International Research Support Initiative Program (IRSIP) under grant No: 1-8/HEC/HRD/2020/10744 PIN: IRSIP 45 Engg 17.Aamir Shafi, M.; Bouich, A.; Fradi, K.; Marí-Guaita, J.; Khan, L.; Marí, B. (2022). Effect of Deposition Cycles on the Properties of ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Spin Coating Method for CZTS-based Solar Cells. Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics. 258:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.168854S1925
Synthesis of CZTS kesterite by pH adjustment in order to improve the performance of CZTS thin film for photovoltaic applications
No full text[EN] Quaternary CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) kesterite thin layers were successfully made by electrochemical deposition method. CZTS thin layers were deposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) from an aqueous solution. In this work, the effects of pH adjustment under ambient conditions of CZTS thin films were studied. The as grown samples were investigated by numerous existing characterization systems. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) proves the polycrystalline description of the layer. The average crystallite size is varying from 10 nm to 24 nm of the films is dependent on the pH of the solution. All the thin films are in the CZTS kesterite phase attributed to A(1) mode at 334 cm(-1) verified by Raman spectroscopy. The SEM and AFM study show that the pH variation of the so-lution improved the surface morphology and topography of the CZTS thin films which increase several nm in grain size. Moreover, the optical analysis indicates a suitable band gap in the range of 1.5-1.8 eV depending upon the sulfurization temperature. It is found that the pH variation affects both the stability and the performance of the high-quality CZTS absorber layer applications. The CZTS layer with 4.80 pH was annealed at 450 degrees C and 500 degrees C, and at these temperatures the band gap was varied. At the end the band gap variations effect on the performance of CZTS based solar cell is being analyzed by using a simulation tool SCAPS-1D.Author Sha fi Ullah acknowledged the post -doctoral contract supported by the, RRHH, postdoctoral contract (PAID-10-20), and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Grant Number PID2019-107137RB-C21) , Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Spain. Author Amal Bouich acknowledged the Post -doctoral contract supported by the, RRHH, Postdoctoral contract the Margarita Salas fi nanced with union European Next Generation EU. This research has been funded by Grant PID2019-107137RB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe". The author Muhammad Aamir Sha fi acknowledge the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, International Research Support Initiative Program (IRSIP) , for grant No: 1-8/HEC/HRD/2020/10744 PIN: IRSIP 45 Engg 17.Aamir Shafi, M.; Khan, L.; Ullah, S.; Bouich, A.; Ullah, H.; Mari, B. (2022). Synthesis of CZTS kesterite by pH adjustment in order to improve the performance of CZTS thin film for photovoltaic applications. Superlattices and Microstructures. 164:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2022.107185S11016
Nationalism in the Poetry of Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Walt Whitman: A Comparative Literary Analysis of I Hear America Singing and Tarana-I-Hindi
No full textThis paper is based on the comparative study of the two poets, Allama Muhammad Iqbal from Pakistan and Walt Whitman from America as nationalistic poets of their specific age. Nationalism was a common theme in most of their works. These two poets belonged to different geographical social cultural and religious backgrounds but they have some similarities as well as differences. Allama Muhammad Iqbal was famous for the fan Islamist and he was considered as the Muslim nationalist of their time throughout the world while Walt Whitman was famous for American nationalism and democracy. All the time he speaks about the superiority of the American I have used the variation theory of comparative literature presented by changing Cao for the purpose to compare and contrast the work of two different for similarity as well as difference and another framework I will use comparative cultural studies presented by Totsy Zepetnek in my research
<i>Geo-Social Temporal Top-k </i>Queries in location-based social networks
No full textWith recent advancements in location-acquisition techniques and smart phone devices, social networks such as Foursquare, Facebook and Twitter are acquiring the location dimension while minimizing the gap between physical world and virtual social networking. This in return, has resulted in the generation of geo-tagged data at unprecedented scale and has facilitated users to fully capture and share their geo-locations with timestamps on social media. Typical location-based social media allows users to check-in at a location of interest using smart devices which then is published on social network and this information can be exploited for recommendation. In this paper, we propose a new type of query called Geo-Social Temporal Top-k () query, which enriches the semantics of the conventional spatial query by introducing social relevance and temporal component. In addition, we propose three different schemes to answer such a query. Finally, we conduct an exhaustive evaluation of proposed schemes and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.</p
PLoS One
No full textPakistan harbors high disease burden of gastro-enteric infections with majority of these caused by rotavirus. Unfortunately, lack of proper surveillance programs and laboratory facilities have resulted in scarcity of available data on rotavirus associated disease burden and epidemiological information in the country. We investigated 1306 stool samples collected over two years (2008-2009) from hospitalized children under 5 years of age for the presence of rotavirus strains and its genotypic diversity in Lahore. The prevalence rate during 2008 and 2009 was found to be 34% (n\u200a=\u200a447 out of 1306). No significant difference was found between different age groups positive for rotavirus (p>0.05). A subset of EIA positive samples was further screened for rotavirus RNA through RT-PCR and 44 (49.43%) samples, out of total 89 EIA positive samples, were found positive. G and P type prevalence was found as follows: G1P [4]\u200a=\u200a3(6.81%); G1P [6]\u200a=\u200a9(20.45%); G1P [8]\u200a=\u200a1(2.27%); G2P [4]\u200a=\u200a21(47.72%); G2P [8]\u200a=\u200a1(2.27%); G9P [4]\u200a=\u200a1(2.27%); G9P [6]\u200a=\u200a1(2.27%) and G9P [8]\u200a=\u200a7(15.90%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VP7 and VP4 sequences clustered closely with the previously detected strains in the country as well as Belgian rotaviruses. Antigenic characterization was performed by analyzing major epitopes in the immunodominant VP7 and VP4 gene segments. Although the neutralization conferring motifs were found variable between the Pakistani strains and the two recommended vaccines strains (Rotarix\u2122 and RotaTeq\u2122), we validate the use of rotavirus vaccine in Pakistan based on the proven and recognized vaccine efficacy across the globe. Our findings constitute the first report on rotavirus' genotype diversity, their phylogenetic relatedness and epidemiology during the pre-vaccination era in Lahore, Pakistan and support the immediate introduction of rotavirus vaccine in the routine immunization program of the country.20131063
Comprehensive examination of thermal energy storage through advanced phase change material integration for optimized building energy management and thermal comfort
No full textSeveral countries all over the world are interested in the energy business. The scientific community is creating new
energy-saving experiments in response to the present fossil fuel problems. Buildings are one of the components
that use more energy, so it is highly desirable that knowledge is being generated and technology is developing to
provide answers to this energy demand. When used in building elements for heating and cooling like coatings,
blocks, panels or wall panels, phase change materials (PCMs) have been demonstrated to enhance the capacity
for heat storage by absorbing heat as latent heat. Thus, during the past 20 years, research has been done on
the application of phase change materials (PCMs) in latent heat storage systems. The most practical way to
incorporate PCMs into construction parts is through the macro encapsulation approach, which is examined in this
review together with the microencapsulation method. Furthermore, given that additional research is required to
process biobased PCMs, we must pay greater attention to them, as evidenced by our examination of the literature
on the encapsulation process of PCMs. Due to the lack of information provided in other reviews, there is a section
dedicated to the superior PCM with lightweight material to ascertain its macro and microscale thermophysical
and mechanical characteristics as well as to determine whether it would be feasible to switch from PCM that
are made from petroleum to more ecologically friendly bio-based ones. Above all, this study also focuses on
reviewing recent PCM research and evaluating the thermal performance of prototypes used in experimental PCM
investigations, i.e., how the layout of design affects several variables and potential applications of PCM
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