1,721,006 research outputs found
al-Fikr al-siyasi al-Islami 'inda Hamid Rabi' (1925M-1989M) = Islamic political thought of Hamed Rabee (1925-1989 A.D.) / Sohaib Ali Jassim
Full text linkThis research aims at crystallizing and presenting the concepts of Islamic Political Thought of Hamed Rabee (1925-1989). He was an expert of political thought from Egypt. Amongst his philosophy is to revive the Islamic Political Inheritance or heritage (Turath) and his effort to reach to contemporary political theories that can help Islamic Ummah answers the many problems and questions facing Muslims around the world. This research depends mainly on the writings of Hamed Rabee and what is found about him. The research methodology is mainly library research with the descriptive analysis and the verification of the text. As the literature of the study was scattered in many books and articles of Hamed Rabee, The researcher intended to restructure Hamed Rabee's political thoughts
and present them in the main text separated from any analysis or comparisons which were written mainly in the footnotes. The research consists of introduction, four
chapters and research findings. It began with the life history of Hamed Rabee and his most important writings; which were classified according to different fields that show the encyclopedic knowledge of Rabee, which is reflected also in his integrative methodology of setting political theory in the light of different Islamic and social sciences. One of the main legacies of Rabee was paving the way for the establishment of a school of contemporary Islamic political thoughts and theories in Egypt. The research dealt also with his views on the Islamic Political heritage and its importance to political realities of the Ummah today; defining the reasons for the neglect of this aspect of Islamic legacy and the obstacles to the efforts to revive Islamic political inheritance.
Rabee has also categorized the resources which students, political scientists and Muslim politician could refer to in their research or political life especially those who actively participate in any democratic process. The final chapter presents what Rabee refers to as the main pillars for formulating of Islamic Political Theory such as: political justice, moderation and reconciliation, the social nature of the Islamic political thought, the relation between thoughts, movements and real politics in the Islamic history and traditions, the Dawaah responsibility toward humanity. The research goes through twelve introductory principles and theoretical steps Rabee has come with from Islamic original resources and the practices of different Islamic systems throughout our history, that establish the bases for an applicable Islamic political theory. The research arrives in the end at what Hamed Rabee considers as characteristics or elements of the ideal model that he thinks should be implemented by Islamic government or Islamic System, which consist of: khilafah Concept, religious supremacy, unity of Muslim Ummah, Shuraa, implementing of Shariah as the internal legal system, justice, respecting human dignity and rejecting any form of discrimination, separation of centers of power and influence in the political structure, Jihad and the distinct foreign policy of the Islamic state, dominance of moral values and practices in all aspects of life, and finally religious legitimacy of the political system based on achieving the civilizational functions and responsibilities of the state
Neurobiological After-Effects of Low Intensity Transcranial Electric Stimulation of the Human Nervous System: From Basic Mechanisms to Metaplasticity
Full text linkNon-invasive low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) of the brain is an evolving field that has brought remarkable attention in the past few decades for its ability to directly modulate specific brain functions. Neurobiological after-effects of tES seems to be related to changes in neuronal and synaptic excitability and plasticity, however mechanisms are still far from being elucidated. We aim to review recent results from in vitro and in vivo studies that highlight molecular and cellular mechanisms of transcranial direct (tDCS) and alternating (tACS) current stimulation. Changes in membrane potential and neural synchronization explain the ongoing and short-lasting effects of tES, while changes induced in existing proteins and new protein synthesis is required for long-lasting plastic changes (LTP/LTD). Glial cells, for decades supporting elements, are now considered constitutive part of the synapse and might contribute to the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. This review brings into focus the neurobiological mechanisms and after-effects of tDCS and tACS from in vitro and in vivo studies, in both animals and humans, highlighting possible pathways for the development of targeted therapeutic applications
Peripheral and central neurobiological effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) in neuropathic pain: a systematic review
No full text: Botulinum toxin (BoNT), a presynaptic inhibitor of acetylcholine (Ach) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), is a successful and safe drug for the treatment of several neurological disorders. However, a wide and recent literature review has demonstrated that BoNT exerts its effects not only at the "periphery" but also within the central nervous system (CNS). Studies from animal models, in fact, have shown a retrograde transport to the CNS, thus modulating synaptic function. The increasing number of articles reporting efficacy of BoNT on chronic neuropathic pain (CNP), a complex disease of the CNS, demonstrates that the central mechanisms of BoNT are far from being completely elucidated. In this new light, BoNT might interfere with the activity of spinal, brain stem, and cortical circuitry, modulating excitability and the functional organization of CNS in healthy conditions. Botulinum toxins efficacy on CNP is the result of a wide and complex action on many and diverse mechanisms at the basis of the maladaptive plasticity, the core of the pathogenesis of CNP. This systematic review aims to discuss in detail the BoNT's mechanisms and effects on peripheral and central neuroplasticity, at the basis for the clinical efficacy in CNP syndromes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Inhibition of plasminogen/plasmin system retrieves endogenous nerve growth factor and adaptive spinal synaptic plasticity following peripheral nerve injury
Full text linkDysfunctions of the neuronal-glial crosstalk and/or impaired signaling of neurotrophic factors represent key features of the maladaptive changes in the central nervous system (CNS) in neuroinflammatory as neurodegenerative disorders. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasminogen (PA)/plasmin system has been involved in either process of maturation and degradation of nerve growth factor (NGF), highlighting multiple potential targets for new therapeutic strategies. We here investigated the role of intrathecal (i.t.) delivery of neuroserpin (NS), an endogenous inhibitor of plasminogen activators, on neuropathic behavior and maladaptive synaptic plasticity in the rat spinal cord following spared nerve injury (SNI) of the sciatic nerve. We demonstrated that SNI reduced spinal NGF expression, induced spinal reactive gliosis, altering the expression of glial and neuronal glutamate and GABA transporters, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and is associated to neuropathic behavior. Beside the increase of NGF expression, i.t. NS administration reduced reactive gliosis, restored synaptic homeostasis, GSH levels and reduced neuropathic behavior. Our results hereby highlight the essential role of tPA/PA system in the synaptic homeostasis and mechanisms of maladaptive plasticity, sustaining the beneficial effects of NGF-based approach in neurological disorders
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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