4 research outputs found
Escalas da ação política e movimentos sociais: o caso do Movimento Negro brasileiro e a emergência de políticas educacionais de combate ao racismo
No full textRecently, race issues have become point of departure for the construction of educational policies in Brazil (a country which always denied the existence of racism and constructed its idea of a nation representing itself as a “racial democracy”). Quotas on universities, politics of knowledge production and the insertion and revision of contents in school curricula are some examples of these policies. The questions addressed in this article are: is it a global process, or would it be the historical protagonist role of the Brazilian Black Movement that determines the reinforcement of this agenda on national scale? Is this process about the “disembedding” of scales of politics, or is it about the Black Movement´s “politics of scales” - which mobilizes actors, arenas and instruments on different scales in order to strengthen its struggle and to construct public policies
A utilização do método para se conhecer a verdade de Jaime Balmes na verificação dos Precedentes
No full text<div class="WordSection1"><p>O trabalho discutirá uma aproximação das ideias de Jaime Balmes contidas no livro “O critério” com o artigo 489 parágrafo 1º inciso V do Código de Processo Civil que trata dos precedentes. A importância do tema é a força que o instituto do precedente alcança em nosso ordenamento jurídico e a necessidade de os operadores do Direito atentarem para formas de sua utilização no sistema judiciário brasileiro. O modo de conhecer a verdade de Jaime Balmes pode ser um interessante aliado nas formas de se interpretar o precedente e sua aplicação em casos concretos. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi a utilização do livro “O critério” de Jaime Balmes e de outras fontes encontradas em pesquisas realizadas em bibliotecas, internet e também nas bibliografias indicadas pelo orientador. A pesquisa observa elementos da filosofia do pensador espanhol e sua aplicação na análise de precedentes judiciais, realizando um debate entre as ideias de Balmes e de outros estudiosos de direito na busca de soluções para as decisões na justiça.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p></div></jats:p
Consumer mobility predicts impacts of herbivory across an environmental stress gradient
No full textAuthor Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology, (2019): e02910, doi:10.1002/ecy.2910.Environmental stress impedes predation and herbivory by limiting the ability of animals to search for and consume prey. We tested the contingency of this relationship on consumer traits and specifically hypothesized that herbivore mobility relative to the return time of limiting environmental stress would predict consumer effects. We examined how wave‐induced water motion affects marine communities via herbivory by highly mobile (fish) vs. slow‐moving (pencil urchin) consumers at two wave‐sheltered and two wave‐exposed rocky subtidal locations in the Galapagos Islands. The exposed locations experienced 99th percentile flow speeds that were 2–5 times greater than sheltered locations, with mean flow speeds >33 cm/s vs. <16 cm/s, 2–7 times higher standing macroalgal cover and 2–3 times lower cover of crustose coralline algae than the sheltered locations. As predicted by the environmental stress hypothesis (ESH), there was a negative relationship between mean flow speed and urchin abundance and herbivory rates on Ulva spp. algal feeding assays. In contrast, the biomass of surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) and parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarinae) was positively correlated with mean flow speed. Ulva assays were consumed at equal rates by fish at exposed and sheltered locations, indicating continued herbivory even when flow speeds surpassed maximum reported swimming speeds at a rate of 1–2 times per minute. Modeled variation in fish species richness revealed minimal effects of diversity on herbivory rates at flow speeds <40 cm/s, when all species were capable of foraging, and above 120 cm/s, when no species could forage, while increasing diversity maximized herbivory rates at flow speeds of 40–120 cm/s. Two‐month herbivore exclusion experiments during warm and cool seasons revealed that macroalgal biomass was positively correlated with flow speed. Fish limited macroalgal development by 65–91% at one exposed location but not the second and by 70% at the two sheltered locations. In contrast, pencil urchins did not affect algal communities at either exposed location, but reduced macroalgae by 87% relative to controls at both sheltered locations. We propose an extension of the ESH that is contingent upon mobility to explain species‐specific changes in feeding rates and consumer effects on benthic communities across environmental gradients.This study was made possible through funding from the National Science Foundation (awards OCE‐1061475, OCE‐1450214, and OCE‐1623867) and the Galapagos Conservancy to JDW, and grants from the Rufford Foundation, the American Museum of Natural History, the Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, and the Bushnell Research and Education Fund to RWL. We are deeply grateful to Max Hirschfeld, Paul Tompkins, Etienne Rastoin, Inti Keith, Anaide Aued, Salome Buglass, Blake Hamilton, Fiona Beltram, Camila Lupi, Calvin Munson, and Maya Greenhill for assistance in the lab and in the field. Captain Nelson Ibarra, Captain Wilton Aguirre, and Captain Viko Rosero provided diving logistics aboard their boats. We also thank Arturo Izurieta, Marta Romolereaux, Heinke Jäger, and the Charles Darwin Research Station for field research support, and Danny Rueda, Jorge Carrion, Jenifer Suarez, and the Galapagos National Park for granting us authorization to carry out this investigation (research permit PC‐06–16). This publication is contribution number 2285 of the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands
