1,720,968 research outputs found
Household travel decisions and well-being in small Chinese cities: Evidence from commuters in Ganyu
No full textIncreased car use in modern society poses a series of challenges, including air pollution, traffic congestion, and the deterioration of urban livability. These issues are becoming serious in some of China's small cities. This research informs transport policies in small Chinese cities by exploring the interactions between land use patterns, attitudes, and travel behavior and by investigating how the amount of time used across different activities impacts individual well-being within dual-earner households in Ganyu, a small Chinese city. The analysis first shows different travel behaviors: most residents in Ganyu commute short distances and often use e-bikes. Also, residential self-selection was found to a limited extent, suggesting that residents do not choose residences based on travel needs and preferences. Moreover, the study found that the relationship between attitudes, land use, and travel behavior was gendered and so worked differently among different household members: women and men prioritized travel needs and preferences differently at residential and work locations. This research also uncovered the intra-household interactions around time use, which resulted in different levels of satisfaction for each spouse in different domains and overall life. Our study suggests that policies that target sustainable travel patterns and enhanced individual well-being should consider the geographical context as well as intra-household interactions
Evolution of Canadian time-use patterns: Multidimensional activity-based approach
No full textThe review of recent research efforts in travel demand modeling community clearly indicates a paradigm shift from an aggregate trip based statistical modeling approach towards a more disaggregate activity-based behavioural modeling approach. The dissertation contributes to transportation literature by advancing the state of the art in multiple discrete continuous models. Also, the dissertation research aims to contribute substantively to transportation literature by undertaking a first of its kind analysis the evolution of Canadian activity participation patterns using 4 waves of cross-sectional time-use data from the Canadian General Social Survey (GSS). I started my study by proposing an innovative form of the Multiple Discrete Extreme Value (MDCEV) model (Chapter 3). The Latent MDCEV model accounts for the population's heterogeneity. Also, a prediction procedure to employ the estimated Latent MDCEV models for forecasting is developed. The results of the model estimates and prediction exercises illustrate the benefits of employing an endogenous segmentation based MDCEV model. Then in the next chapter (Chapter 4), I examined the weekday time-use patterns of Canadians aged 20 years or older four waves of data from GSS compiled for the years 1992, 1998, 2005 and 2010. The results provide evidence that the proposed approach provides (Scaled MDCEV) an appropriate framework to study activity participation decision process evolution in time. The next subject (Chapter 5) examines the evolution patterns of senior's weekday daily activity participation decisions. The GSS database is used to analyze the development of activity participation decisions throughout 13 years (1998 to 2010). New habits have emerged following the information and technology revolution that have changed the way we communicate, interact, and make decisions; therefore it is clearly important to study the trend of leisure activity participation and more specifically, the potential observed and unobserved impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on adults' participating in this activity group as presented in Chapter 6. The econometric framework applied to the GSS dataset was the Ordered Regression Duration (ORD) model. The final chapter of this dissertation (Chapter 7) proposes recommendations and suggestions based on the obtained model results from all chapters. Study limitations are also presented along with future work as a continuation of this dissertation.La révision des recherches récentes sur le voyage de la communauté de modélisation indique clairement un changement de paradigme d'un voyage basée sur une approche globale la modélisation statistique vers une approche plus désagrégé de modélisation comportementale basée sur l'activité. La thèse contribue à la littérature de transport en faisant avancer l'état de l'art dans les multiples modèles continues séparées. En outre, la recherche vise à apporter fondamentalement une contribution à la littérature de transport en entreprenant la première analyse de son genre d'évolution en mode de participation à l'activité canadienne à l'aide de 4 vagues de coupes des données d'emploi de temps de Enquête sociale générale du Canada (ESG). Nous avons commencé notre étude en proposant une forme innovante du modèle de multiple valeur extrême discrète (MDCEV) (chapitre 3). Le modèle latent MDCEV compte pour l'hétérogénéité de la population. En outre, une procédure prédictive d'appliquer l'estimation des modèles Latent MDCEV est développée. Les résultats des estimations des modèles et les exercices de prévision illustrent les avantages d'employer un modèle MDCEV basée sur la segmentation endogène.Dans le chapitre suivant (chapitre 4), nous avons examiné les manières de l'emploi du temps dans les jours de la semaine par les individus canadiens âgés de 20 ans ou plus dans quatre vagues de données de l'ESG compilées dans les années 1992, 1998, 2005 et 2010. Les résultats fournissent la preuve que cette approche proposée fournit un cadre approprié pour étudier l'évolution du processus de décision de la participation aux activités dans le temps (escaladé de MDCEV). Le prochain objectif (chapitre 5) examine les modèles d'évolution de décisions de participation à l'activité. La base de données de l'ESG est utilisée pour analyser le développement de la décision de participation à l'activité tout au long de 13 ans (1998-2010). Les nouvelles habitudes ont émergé suite à la révolution de l'information et de la technologie qui ont changé la façon dont nous communiquons, interagissons, et prenons la décision; donc il est très important d'étudier la tendance de la participation à l'activité de loisir et particulièrement, le potentiel de l'impact observé et inobservée de la technologie de l'information et de la communication (ICT) sur les adultes participants à ce groupe d'activités tel que présentés dans le chapitre 6. Le cadre économétrique appliqué aux données de GSS était le modèle de Durée de la Régression Ordonnée (ORD) Le dernier chapitre de la thèse (Chapitre 7) propose des recommandations et des suggestions basées sur les résultats du modèle obtenu à partir de tous les chapitres. Les limites de l'étude sont également présentées, ainsi que les travaux en future comme une continuation de cette thèse
Household travel decisions and well-being in small Chinese cities: Evidence from commuters in Ganyu
No full textIncreased car use in modern society poses a series of challenges, including air pollution, traffic congestion, and the deterioration of urban livability. These issues are becoming serious in some of China's small cities. This research informs transport policies in small Chinese cities by exploring the interactions between land use patterns, attitudes, and travel behavior and by investigating how the amount of time used across different activities impacts individual well-being within dual-earner households in Ganyu, a small Chinese city. The analysis first shows different travel behaviors: most residents in Ganyu commute short distances and often use e-bikes. Also, residential self-selection was found to a limited extent, suggesting that residents do not choose residences based on travel needs and preferences. Moreover, the study found that the relationship between attitudes, land use, and travel behavior was gendered and so worked differently among different household members: women and men prioritized travel needs and preferences differently at residential and work locations. This research also uncovered the intra-household interactions around time use, which resulted in different levels of satisfaction for each spouse in different domains and overall life. Our study suggests that policies that target sustainable travel patterns and enhanced individual well-being should consider the geographical context as well as intra-household interactions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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