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Nitrogen fertilization with urease inhibitor and nitrification in capim-tifton 85
No full textO nitrogênio é um nutriente altamente móvel e dinâmico no solo, passível de perdas por diferentes processos, como volatilização, lixiviação e desnitrificação. Inibidores de urease ou de nitrificação são tecnologias que podem aumentar a eficiência da adubação nitrogenada, porém, a utilização destes produtos é pouco estudada em regiões tropicais. Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar (I): em condições de campo, o crescimento e a produção de capimtifton 85 em função de doses de nitrogênio com ureia contendo inibidor de urease e de nitrificação conduzido por dois anos agrícolas (2013/14 e 2014/15), no período de novembro a março, com quatro ciclos de crescimentos em cada ano; (II): a nitrificação do nitrogênio com ureia recoberta com doses de folha ou torta de nim, utilizando o DMPP para comparação. Os tratamentos do experimento I foram constituídos por um esquema fatorial 3 x 5, com ureia; ureia + inibidor de urease (NBPT - N-butil tiamida fosfórico) e ureia + inibidor de nitrificação (DMPP - Fosfato de 3,4-dimetilpirazol) e doses de N (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1, em cada crescimento). No segundo ano agrícola, foram feitas avaliações de crescimento aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após a aplicação dos adubos. No experimento II, os tratamentos foram constituídos de um esquema fatorial 2 x 4 + 2, com o primeiro fator representado por fontes de nim (folha e torta de nim), utilizadas para recobrir a ureia e o segundo fator de doses de nim, sendo estas doses de 0, 10, 20 e 40% do total de N aplicado (200 mg kg-1, utilizando como fonte de N a ureia) e dois tratamentos adicionais: testemunha (solo sem fertilizante nitrogenado) e ureia + DMPP. As doses de N aumentaram a área foliar, índice de área foliar e altura da planta, todavia não houve efeito do tipo de adubo nestas características. No décimo dia do primeiro crescimento, verificou-se que a adubação nitrogenada aumentou linearmente o perfilhamento. No 20o dia ocorreram morte de perfilhos em função das maiores doses de N aplicadas, havendo no trigésimo dia redução linear do perfilhamento em função das doses de N. A utilização de ureia + NBPT e ureia + DMPP não aumentou significativamente a produção do capim-tifton 85 nos dois anos agrícolas, comparada a ureia comum. No primeiro ano agrícola não foi observado efeito das doses de N, tão pouco do tipo de adubo na recuperação aparente de N. A utilização de ureia com inibidor de urease ou de nitrificação não interfere no crescimento e na produção do capim-tifton 85. No experimento II, o recobrimento da ureia com folha e torta de nim foi eficiente em reduzir os teores de nitrato no solo até os 15 dias de incubação. Isso resultou em maiores teores de amônio no solo até 15 dias. Todavia, o DMPP mostrou-se mais eficiente em reduzir a nitrificação, promovendo inibição até os 60 dias de incubação.Nitrogen is a highly dynamic and mobile nutrient that may undergo losses through different processes, such as volatilization, leaching and denitrification. Urease or nitrification inhibitors are technologies that may improve nitrogen fertilization efficiency; however, usage of these products is little studied in tropical regions. Two experiments were conducted aiming to evaluate: (I) growth and production of tifton 85 grass on field conditions according to nitrogen doses with urea containing urease and nitrification inhibitor for two agricultural years (2013/14 and 2014/15), from November through March, each year with four cycles of growth; (II) nitrogen nitrification with urea covered with doses of powdered neem leaves or neem seed cakes, using DMPP for comparison. Treatments in experiment I were build up on a 3 x 5 factorial scheme with urea; urea + urease inhibitor [NBPT: N-(N-Butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] and urea + nitrification inhibitor (DMPP: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate) and doses of N (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1, in each growth). On the second agricultural year, growth evaluations were performed on the 10th, 20th and 30th days after the application of fertilizers. In the experiment II, the treatments consisted of a 2 x 4 + 2 factorial scheme, with the first factor represented neem leaves or neem seed cakes sources, used to cover urea and the second neem dose factor, being these doses of 0, 10, 20 and 40% of the total N applied (200 mg kg-1, using urea N as the source) and two additional treatments: control (soil without nitrogen fertilizer) and urea + DMPP. N doses increased leaf area, leaf area indexes and height, but there was no effect due to the type of fertilizer in this scenario. On the tenth day of the first growth, it was verified that nitrogen fertilization increased tillers linearly. On the 20th day, there was tiller death due to greater doses of N applied, with linear reduction of tiller on the 30th day. The usage of urea + NBPT and urea + DMPP did not influence the production of tifton 85 grass in the two agricultural years. On the first year, an actual effect from doses of N was not observed, neither from the type of fertilizer on the apparent N recovering. The usage of urea with urease or nitrification inhibitor does not interfere in the production and growth of tifton 85 grass. In experiment II, the covering of urea with powdered neem leaves and neem seed cakes was efficient in reducing the proportions of nitrate within the soil up to 15 days of incubation. This resulted in greater proportions of ammonium within the soil up to 15 days. However, DMPP revealed to be more efficient in reducing nitrification, promoting inhibition through the 60 days of incubation.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Acúmulo de matéria seca e macronutrientes por cultivares de sorgo sacarino
No full textAs curvas de acúmulo de nutrientes auxiliam na compreensão das demandas nutricionais de uma cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento acúmulo de macronutrientes pelas cultivares de sorgo sacarino CVSW80007, CVSW80147, CVSW82028, CVSW82158. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área de renovação de cana-de-açúcar no município de Uchoa-SP, sendo implantado em janeiro de 2012. As plantas foram coletadas em intervalos de 15 dias a partir do décimo dias após a emergência (DAE). O maior acúmulo de matéria seca, N, P, Mg e S, foi obtido pela cultivar CVSW82028, enquanto a ‘CVSW82158’ extraiu a maior quantidade de K e a ‘CVSW80147,’ de Ca. Os colmos representaram o maior percentual de matéria seca e nutrientes acumulados, com exceção do nitrogênio e do fósforo, em que os grãos corresponderam a maior porcentagem do total absorvido. As cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW82028 e CVSW82158 apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente de extração de nutrientes: N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S e a ‘CVSW80147’, K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. Considerando apenas colmo, a ordem decrescente de exportação de nutrientes é a mesma para todas as cultivares: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. No entanto, a sequência decrescente de exportação de nutrientes considerando colmos e grãos, é para as cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW80147 e CVSW82158: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S e K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S para a ‘ CVSW82028’Nutrient accumulation curves help us understand the nutritional demands of a crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration and exportation of macronutrients by the sweet sorghum cultivars CVSW80007, CVSW80147, CVSW82028, CVSW82158. The experiment was conducted in a renewal sugarcane ratoon area at Uchoa county, SP, being deployed in January 2012. The plants were collected in 15 days intervals from the 10th after emergence (DAE). The greatest content of dry matter, N, P, Mg and S, was due to by the CVSW82028 cultivar, while the CVSW82158 extract the greatest amount of K and the CVSW80147 of Ca. The stalks represented the highs percentage of dry matter and nutrient content, except nitrogen and phosphorus, in which grains corresponded to the higher percentage of total absorption. The CVSW80007, CVSW82028 and CVSW82158 cultivars showed the following decreasing nutrient extraction N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S and the CVSW80147, K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. Considering only the stalks harvest, the decreasing nutrient exportation is the same for all cultivars: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. Whereas the decreasing nutrient exportation sequence considering stalks and grain harvest is the following for the CVSW80007, CVSW80147 and CVSW82158 cultivars: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S for the CVSW8202
Acúmulo de matéria seca e macronutrientes por cultivares de sorgo sacarino
No full textAs curvas de acúmulo de nutrientes auxiliam na compreensão das demandas nutricionais de uma cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento acúmulo de macronutrientes pelas cultivares de sorgo sacarino CVSW80007, CVSW80147, CVSW82028, CVSW82158. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área de renovação de cana-de-açúcar no município de Uchoa-SP, sendo implantado em janeiro de 2012. As plantas foram coletadas em intervalos de 15 dias a partir do décimo dias após a emergência (DAE). O maior acúmulo de matéria seca, N, P, Mg e S, foi obtido pela cultivar CVSW82028, enquanto a ‘CVSW82158’ extraiu a maior quantidade de K e a ‘CVSW80147,’ de Ca. Os colmos representaram o maior percentual de matéria seca e nutrientes acumulados, com exceção do nitrogênio e do fósforo, em que os grãos corresponderam a maior porcentagem do total absorvido. As cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW82028 e CVSW82158 apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente de extração de nutrientes: N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S e a ‘CVSW80147’, K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. Considerando apenas colmo, a ordem decrescente de exportação de nutrientes é a mesma para todas as cultivares: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. No entanto, a sequência decrescente de exportação de nutrientes considerando colmos e grãos, é para as cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW80147 e CVSW82158: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S e K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S para a ‘ CVSW82028’Nutrient accumulation curves help us understand the nutritional demands of a crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration and exportation of macronutrients by the sweet sorghum cultivars CVSW80007, CVSW80147, CVSW82028, CVSW82158. The experiment was conducted in a renewal sugarcane ratoon area at Uchoa county, SP, being deployed in January 2012. The plants were collected in 15 days intervals from the 10th after emergence (DAE). The greatest content of dry matter, N, P, Mg and S, was due to by the CVSW82028 cultivar, while the CVSW82158 extract the greatest amount of K and the CVSW80147 of Ca. The stalks represented the highs percentage of dry matter and nutrient content, except nitrogen and phosphorus, in which grains corresponded to the higher percentage of total absorption. The CVSW80007, CVSW82028 and CVSW82158 cultivars showed the following decreasing nutrient extraction N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S and the CVSW80147, K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. Considering only the stalks harvest, the decreasing nutrient exportation is the same for all cultivars: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. Whereas the decreasing nutrient exportation sequence considering stalks and grain harvest is the following for the CVSW80007, CVSW80147 and CVSW82158 cultivars: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S for the CVSW8202
Acúmulo de matéria seca e macronutrientes por cultivares de sorgo sacarino
No full textAs curvas de acúmulo de nutrientes auxiliam na compreensão das demandas nutricionais de uma cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento acúmulo de macronutrientes pelas cultivares de sorgo sacarino CVSW80007, CVSW80147, CVSW82028, CVSW82158. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área de renovação de cana-de-açúcar no município de Uchoa-SP, sendo implantado em janeiro de 2012. As plantas foram coletadas em intervalos de 15 dias a partir do décimo dias após a emergência (DAE). O maior acúmulo de matéria seca, N, P, Mg e S, foi obtido pela cultivar CVSW82028, enquanto a ‘CVSW82158’ extraiu a maior quantidade de K e a ‘CVSW80147,’ de Ca. Os colmos representaram o maior percentual de matéria seca e nutrientes acumulados, com exceção do nitrogênio e do fósforo, em que os grãos corresponderam a maior porcentagem do total absorvido. As cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW82028 e CVSW82158 apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente de extração de nutrientes: N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S e a ‘CVSW80147’, K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. Considerando apenas colmo, a ordem decrescente de exportação de nutrientes é a mesma para todas as cultivares: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. No entanto, a sequência decrescente de exportação de nutrientes considerando colmos e grãos, é para as cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW80147 e CVSW82158: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S e K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S para a ‘ CVSW82028’Nutrient accumulation curves help us understand the nutritional demands of a crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration and exportation of macronutrients by the sweet sorghum cultivars CVSW80007, CVSW80147, CVSW82028, CVSW82158. The experiment was conducted in a renewal sugarcane ratoon area at Uchoa county, SP, being deployed in January 2012. The plants were collected in 15 days intervals from the 10th after emergence (DAE). The greatest content of dry matter, N, P, Mg and S, was due to by the CVSW82028 cultivar, while the CVSW82158 extract the greatest amount of K and the CVSW80147 of Ca. The stalks represented the highs percentage of dry matter and nutrient content, except nitrogen and phosphorus, in which grains corresponded to the higher percentage of total absorption. The CVSW80007, CVSW82028 and CVSW82158 cultivars showed the following decreasing nutrient extraction N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S and the CVSW80147, K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. Considering only the stalks harvest, the decreasing nutrient exportation is the same for all cultivars: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. Whereas the decreasing nutrient exportation sequence considering stalks and grain harvest is the following for the CVSW80007, CVSW80147 and CVSW82158 cultivars: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S for the CVSW8202
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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