1,720,962 research outputs found
Optimizing credit limit policy by Markov Decision Process Models
No full textCredit cards have become an essential product for most consumers. Lenders have recognized the profit that can be achieved from the credit card market and thus they have introduced different credit cards to attract consumers. Thus, the credit card market has undergone keen competition in recent years. Lenders realize their operation decisions are crucial in determining how much profit is achieved from a card. This thesis focuses on the most well-known operating policy: the management of credit limit. Lenders traditionally applied static decision models to manage the credit limit of credit card accounts. A growing number of lenders though want improved models so as to monitor the long-term risk and return of credit card borrowers.This study aims to use Markov Decision Process, which is a well-developed sequential decision model, to adjust the credit limit of current credit card accounts. The behavioural score, which is the way of assessing credit card holder's default risk in the next year, is used as the key parameter to monitor the risk of every individual account. The model formulation and the corresponding application techniques, such as state coarse-classification, choice of Markovity order, are discussed in this thesis. One major concern of using Markov Decision Process model is the small sample size in certain states. In general credit card lenders have lots of data. However, there may be no examples in the data of transitions from certain states to default, particularly for those high quality credit card accounts. If one simply uses zero to estimate these states' transition probabilities, this leads to apparent 'structural zeros' states which change the connectedness of the dynamics in the state space. A method is developed in this thesis to overcome such problems in real applications.The economy and retail credit risk are highly correlated and so one key focus of this study is to look at the interaction between credit card behavioural score migrations and the economy. This study uses different credit card datasets, one from Hong Kong and one from United Kingdom, to examine the impact of economy on the credit card borrowers' behaviour. The economies in these two areas were different during the sampling period. Based on these empirical findings, this study has generalized the use of macroeconomic measurements in the credit limit models. This thesis also proposed segmenting the credit card accounts by the accounts' repayment patterns. The credit card population in general can be segmented into Transactors or Revolvers. Empirical findings show the impact of economy are significantly different for Transactors and Revolvers. This study provides a detailed picture of the application of Markov Decision Process models in adjusting the credit limit of credit card accounts
Modelling the profitability of credit cards by Markov decision processes
No full textThis paper derives a model for the profitability of credit cards, which allow lenders to find the optimal dynamic credit limit policy. The model is a Markov decision process, where the states of the system are based on the borrower's behavioural score and the decisions are what credit limit to give the borrower each period. In determining the Markov chain which best describes the borrower's performance second order as well as first order Markov chains are considered and estimation procedures that deal with the low default levels that may exist in the data are considered. A case study is used to show how the optimal credit limit can be derive
Dataset supporting the University of Southampton PhD Thesis 'When Institutional Logics Collide: The Influence of Subjective Knowledge on Novel Products related Behavioural Intentions while Intra-and-Inter-institutional Logics are in Conflict or Synchronised"
No full textDataset supports PhD thesis by Kang, Sukyoung (2024) 'When Institutional Logics Collide: The Influence of Subjective Knowledge on Novel Products related Behavioural Intentions while Intra-and-Inter-institutional Logics are in Conflict or Synchronised".
For the data collection, the online survey was designed in Qualtrics.
The data collection spread out through Prolific
In order to view the data, Excel or SPSS can be used.
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Improving credit card pricing by combing default and transactor/revolver regression models
No full textWhen institutional logics collide: The influence of subjective knowledge on novel products related behavioural intentions while intra-and-inter-institutional logics are in conflict or synchronised
No full textConsumers do not make decisions in isolation; their decision-making is related to a broader belief system in society. Particularly in the case of novel products, consumers become more receptive to such social signals due to the lack of understanding of such products in the market owing to their novelty. Despite the extensive research highlighting the potential of institutional logics - the set of material practices and symbolic systems such as beliefs, norms and values that give meaning to consumer decision-making - the role of institutional logics in defining consumers’ goals, attitudes and actions remains largely unaddressed in marketing research. Through the lens of institutional logics, this thesis attempts to explain the complexity of novel product consumption, particularly consumption that is driven by virtual communities and corporations that enable consumers to understand such products. In particular, this thesis seeks answers to the following questions: how consumers form their behavioural intentions towards novel products when they confront positively or negatively synchronised logics around novel products within virtual communities; what happens when consumers encounter conflicting logics regarding such products within virtual communities; what happens when they face these logic dynamics of virtual communities and corporations simultaneously; and how the interaction between virtual communities and corporations affects consumer behavioural intention towards novel products. Additionally, this thesis proposes consumer subjective knowledge as a remedy for novel product adoption. The relationship between subjective knowledge and interplay of institutional logic dynamics (synchronicity and conflict) is explored with choice confidence and justifiability. Through four online experiments with 803 participants, following the positivism philosophy, this thesis identifies how the activation of virtual community logics and interaction between virtual community and corporation logics moderates the effect of subjective knowledge on their behavioural intentions towards novel products. While participants are influenced by institutional logics, the direction of logics is not connected with the behaviour, which contradicts institutional theorists’ arguments suggesting the interdependence of consumers, virtual communities and corporations
A Qualitative Exploration of the Adoption of Big Data Analytics Applications in Healthcare: Insights from Saudi Hospitals
No full textThe emergence of big data analytics (BDA) has introduced innovative solutions to disease prediction and diagnosis, personalised medicine, and hospital management. These advancements have offered opportunities for healthcare organisations to address the sector's pressing demands to reduce cost, improve care quality, and enhance accessibility to healthcare services. The aim of this study is to uncover the factors influencing the adoption of BDA applications in hospitals, promoting a better understanding of BDA adoption within the sector. This research also aims to explore how BDA solutions are being adopted in practice.To address these aims, this investigation followed a qualitative multiple-case study approach. The study investigated five large public hospitals in Saudi Arabia with differing levels of BDA adoption. Data sources included semi-structured interviews, documents, and memos, with interviews serving as the primary research method. A total of 36 interviews were conducted with employees involved in the adoption process.The findings suggest that BDA adoption in hospitals is shaped by a complex interplay of technological, organisational, environmental (TOE), and processual factors. Technological enablers such as data quality, data availability, compatibility, infrastructure, expertise, and trust in BDA applications create a foundation for BDA adoption and their absence results in major barriers. While organisational needs such as healthcare service types, patient volume and internal pressures act as drivers, BDA literacy, business-IT alignment, and decision-making culture are essential enablers for BDA adoption. Similarly, dynamic environments, competition, and changes in medical practices are external drivers for BDA solutions, whereas regulations and vendor support emerged as enablers. The study reveals that a well-defined adoption process and stakeholder consensus facilitate the adoption. Challenges to BDA adoption include resistance to change, vendor lock-in, ethical concerns, and public sector-specific issues such as decision-making dependencies and funding mechanisms. The study also reveals that advanced analytical solutions in hospitals are often adopted as objective-specific projects driven by localised needs and priorities. This sheds light on the role of BDA beneficiaries in the adoption process and the unique challenges to BDA adoption.This study contributes to both theory and practice. Theoretically, it contributes to the information systems (ISs) innovation adoption literature by advancing the understanding of the drivers, enablers, and barriers impacting BDA adoption in hospitals, particularly in public hospitals in Saudi Arabia. In addition to the well-established dimensions of the TOE framework, the study suggests the relevance of a processual dimension in shaping adoption outcomes. This dimension emphasises how aspects of the adoption process itself can influence the adoption. The study also provides insights into how BDA solutions are adopted, further emphasising the importance of understanding the adoption process of emerging technologies in IS adoption research. Practically, the study offers actionable recommendations for hospitals to overcome adoption barriers, improve organisational readiness, and support the effective integration of BDA technologies. It also provides valuable insights for policymakers, IS vendors, and professional bodies by highlighting the need for detailed regulatory frameworks for BDA applications in healthcare, improved vendor practices, and targeted awareness initiatives that promote responsible and ethical BDA adoption in healthcare
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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